Essay on Health of the Female Population Endangered by Media

Today’s media is playing a huge role in the lives of everyday women and the way that they think about themselves and how they should look. This portrayal of unattainable beauty has effect women and young adolescent girls the most. The number one wish for girls ages 11 to 17 is to be thinner, and girls as young as five have expressed fears of getting fat (Tiggemann, 1996). The medias usage of ultra thin and beautiful models are leading to eating disorders and depression and other mental disorders in women. Robin Gerber who is a motivational speaker and author says â€Å"We don’t need Afghan style burquas to disappear as women. We disappear in reverse-by revamping and revealing our bodies to meet externally imposed visions of female beauty†. The†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Becoming the new feminine ideal requires just the right combination of insecurity, exercise, bulimia and surgery†(G.B. Trudeau). The medias focus on a woman’s body in there advertisement is leading to a lot of health problems for women, that would not be as prominent as it is today. â€Å"One out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight control—including fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative abuse, and self-induced vomitingâ€Å"(Anorexia Nervosa Related Eating Disorders, Inc.). The development of unhealthy eating habits along with depression, loss of self esteem is destroying young women’s and young adults bodies. Exposure to advertisers images of thin, unreal, airbrushed women who put there health in danger everyday is what women and young girls are trying to achieve. Girls who were already dissatisfied with their bodies showed more dieting, anxiety, and bulimic symptoms after prolonged exposure to fashion and advertising images in a teen girl magazine. They are multiple types of eating disorders that effect women and young girls when they are trying to look like that model in that magazine or on that Television show. One of the most severe is a binge eating/purging disorder called Bulimia Nervosa, it is a illness in which the individual that has it looks fine, not overweight, not underweight, but they over eat (binge eating) way more than a normal person would, often thousands ofShow MoreRelatedThe True Benefits Of Wolves1622 Words   |  7 PagesNevertheless, despite the negative images in the media and mass wolf culls, they keep on persisting. By killing wolves, we are damaging our environment and disrupting the natural cohesion that has been established between wolves and lower members of the food chain. Wolves are believed to be responsible for the majority of cattle losses, but this simply is not based on scientific evidence. One species of wolf, the Red wolf, is actually so endangered that less than 80 remain in the wild. This is whyRead More Women in Sport: â€Å"Sacrificing the womanly attributes we admireâ⠂¬ 1343 Words   |  6 Pagesit odd that I do not enjoy displaying polite, ladylike behavior during every second of my existence? I do not think so. Society today would not exactly agree either, yet society today is far different from the early 1920’s. Today, the desirable female body image is not necessarily a thin, dainty woman. At some point in history, though, something went terribly wrong. Women were conditioned to drink tea and mingle socially over snacks while knitting. The progression for women in sports has beenRead MoreAsian Carp in the Great Lakes704 Words   |  3 Pagesname â€Å"Asian Carp.† They can weigh anywhere from 60 to 110 pounds, and range from 40 to 60 inches in length. Asian Carp are considered an â€Å"invasive species,† an organism that is not native and has negative effects on our economy, environment, or our health. Catfish farmers imported Asian Carp long ago to consume algae in ponds. The carp slowly escaped and migrated to the Mississippi River, then eventually to the Great Lakes. Why are Asian Carp such an issue? Although they are mostly not direct predatorsRead MoreThe Conservation Of Chimpanzees Is The Idea Of Protecting Endangered Species From Going Extinct Essay1797 Words   |  8 PagesThe conservation of Chimpanzees is the idea of protecting this endangered species from going extinct. The ides of protecting the chimps are motivated by their human like characteristics, and ability to be seen as â€Å"little people†. People want to save the reflection of themselves because they feel that a piece of our human history will be lost without them. There isn’t a big difference between humans and chimps as we once thought. 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Expatriate residents are excluded, as are the vast number of residents who are prevented from applying for citizenship. The elected Municipal Council has no executive powers but may offer advice to the Minister. ttp://www.ukessaysRead MoreEgypt Cultural and Economic Analysis3973 Words   |  16 Pagescountry but would not be expected to know or would ï ¬  nd different based On his or her SRC should be included in this summary. WHAT PRODUCT WHY SUCCESSFUL The physical size of Egypt, the enormous size and density of its urban population, and the role played by foreign assistance in determining its policy agendas, all contribute to Major challenges in developing a coherent and effective environmental policy (Zetter and Hassan, 2002). Considering loyalty is one ofRead MoreA Summary On The Children Cheetah 10031 Words   |  41 Pages[hide] 1 Etymology 2 Genetics, evolution, and classification 2.1 Subspecies 3 Description 3.1 Morphs and variations 3.1.1 King cheetah 3.1.2 Other color variations 4 Range and habitat 5 Reproduction and behavior 5.1 Territories 5.1.1 Males 5.1.2 Females 5.2 Vocalizations 5.3 Diet and hunting 5.4 Interspecific predatory relationships 6 Relationship with humans 6.1 Economic importance 6.2 Taming 6.3 Conservation status 6.3.1 Re-introduction project in India 7 In popular culture 8 References 9 SourcesRead MoreOrcas And Its Effects On Human Resources1769 Words   |  8 Pagesthe genus name, orcinus, is translated to â€Å"belonging to the realms of the dead† and combined it makes ‘killer whales.’ Orcas may have a very large impact on the media, and entertainment businesses, attracting large amounts of profits, but the profits these businesses are receiving is detrimental to the animal’s mental and physical health. 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The Theory Of Classical Conditioning Theory Essay - 712 Words

The attachment theory is a psychological, an ethological and an evolutionary theory that is concerned with relationships between humans, specifically between mother and infant. An infant has to develop a relationship with at least one of their primary caregivers for them to develop socially and emotionally. This essay will look at evaluating the theories of Ivan Pavlov, John B Watson, Edward Thorndike, BF Skinner, John Bowlby (1958), and Mary Anisworth (1979) Two important learning theories of behaviorist perspective are classical and operant conditioning and are two important concepts to psychology. The processes are different but they both result in learning. Classical conditioning theory involves learning a new behaviour through the process of association. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) discovered the concept of classical conditioning whilst investigating the salivation reflex of dogs. Pavlov famous experiment (1927) with the dog involved pairing a neutral stimulus (sound of the bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (food). The dog learned to associate between the bell and the food and a new behaviour is learn a conditioned response. The neutral stimulus (bell) has become a conditioned stimulus. Pavlov demonstrated conditioning on dogs whereas John B Watson wanted to prove it happens in humans too. Watson believed that all individual differences in behaviour were due to different experiences of learning. Watson Raynor (1920) famous study â€Å"Little Albert† consistedShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning929 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion 5 1. Define: Classical Conditioning is learning theory based on the assumption that the learning process occurs due to associations between an environmental stimulus and a natural occurring stimulus, as indicated in our textbook. This learning theory was developed by John Watson. He proposed that this theory is able to explain human behavior. Watson also assumed that our environment shapes our personality as a whole. His ideas were influenced by the findings of Ivan Pavlov, a RussianRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1129 Words   |  5 PagesIn this assignment I will be looking at the Behaviourist perspective with Ivan Pavlov’s (1902) theory about classical conditioning. I will be discussing how I have used human development and learning perspectives in my placement to support young people in their personal and social development with providing a case study about them. I will be writing about how the theory demonstrates effective youth and community work practice including the five pillars of youth work. Behaviourists look at behaviourRead MoreTheory of Classical Conditioning1051 Words   |  4 PagesClassical Conditioning Introduction In psychology, there are number of theories and ideas which are used to influence the way someone reacts to particular events. In the case of classical conditioning, these ideas have been utilized to create short and long term transformations about how someone sees and reacts to the world around them. To fully understand how this is taking place requires examining these techniques and the way they are influencing behavior. This will be accomplished by studyingRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1360 Words   |  6 PagesIs it possible to rouse fear from a stimulus that at first caused no such response? Classical conditioning is a type of learning where a response is produced from combining a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce an unconditioned response. Ivan Pavlov did a famous study, pairing the sound of a bell with food to produce salivation. After a while, just the sound alone would produce salivation. â€Å"Little Albert†, an infant tha t belonged to a wet nurse at the Harriet Lane HomeRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1202 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay the ways in which classical conditioning principals have been used to treat problem behaviours in humans will be discussed. Firstly the findings of Ivan Pavlov’s research experiment on classical conditioning will be explained. Then a number of his basic principals that include extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalisation and acquisition will be explored. Finally, the use of behavioural therapy in treating problem behaviours, specifically in relation to systematic desensitisationRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1070 Words   |  5 Pages(1929) and Watson and Rayner (1920) contributed to the theory of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning argues behaviour is learned through the continued pairing of a stimulus that creates a response. This can be a fear response as identified by Watson and Rayner (1920) where a healthy eleven-month-old boy was conditioned to feel fear when he saw a fluffy white toy. This fear extended to any fluffy white object. Operant conditioning theory was developed through the findings of Skinner (1938)Read MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1222 Words   |  5 Pagesexperienced. Although Harlow has found this theory, Ivan Pavlov experimented with dogs and discovered classical conditioning. Classical conditioning can show how attitudes are formed and changed, how and when attitudes influence behavior, and how we change attitudes and behavior. Classical conditioning is basically learning through association, which induces involuntary or automatic responses to certain stimuli. A famous example is Pavlov’s dogs, before conditioning the dogs would salivate (UCR) when meatRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning994 Words   |  4 Pagestransfer persist, although with a certain loss in the intensity of the reaction, for a longer period than one month.† The data reported in this paper definitely supports this conclusion. The purpose of this experiment was to test the theory of classical conditioning as well as transfer (stimulus generalization); and to see if they would be able to successfully condition an emotional response of fear. When this experiment began, Little Albert was 11 months and 3 days old. Watson and Rayner exposedRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1824 Words   |  8 PagesClassical conditioning The first theory of learning is called classical conditioning and was developed by Ivan Pavlov a Russian physiologist. He started working with dogs to investigate their digestive system, they were ties to a harness and Pavlov added monitors to their stomachs and mouths to measure the rate of saliva produced. He found out that when a lab assistant came in to give the dog food before the dog tasting the food it started to produce saliva, saliva is a reflex response and PavlovRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning Essay1084 Words   |  5 Pages Classical Conditioning, simply put, is when a neutral stimulus provokes a certain response, due to the fact that it is often associated with another stimulus that induces the response. There are three stages of Classical Conditioning: Before conditioning, during conditioning, and after conditioning. Before conditioning, the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) is Renee’s classmate who pushed her. As well, the Unconditioned Response (UCR) is feeling scared and hurt. During and after conditioning, Renee’s

Online Communication Free Essays

Online Communication is used every day in most of our lives. We communicate with family, friends, colleagues, etc via Social Network Sites and Email. Our Employers use Online Communication to relay messages, train in product lines and hold meetings just to name a few. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Just like our Employers and ourselves, colleges have begun to offer online education to its students. This form of learning enables the students to enroll in a class and do assignments, reading, writing, and tests via online communication. There are two benefits to online learning. The most important benefit of online learning is the flexibility that is given to the student taking the class. In this day and time there are many people working full time jobs, raising children and still pursuing a degree. Online education provides the ability for the student to study, test, write, etc on their time. The online student doesn’t have to rework his/her work schedule since they can proceed through the course at their pace and on their time. Flexibility is the most important benefit of online learning. The second benefit of online learning is the knowledge the student is getting of the computer. Not only is the student learning the coursework they are enrolled in but they are also learning how to maneuver the computer and its processes. Since every business, company, school, etc uses computers then it is important that all university students develop a decent knowledge of the computer. This can be done in an online course. Flexibility and Knowledge are just two benefits of online learning. Having a flexible school schedule and learning the basic uses of computers and the course programs are just a few of the benefits of taking an online class. How to cite Online Communication, Essay examples

Once saved always saved is wrong(proof) Essay Example For Students

Once saved always saved is wrong(proof) Essay Once saved always savedWRONGScriptures:Proof From the GospelsLuke 8:5-8,11-15 ; 12:45,46 ; 14:34,35 ; 15:13,21,24 ; 22:31,32 John 15:1,2,3,6Proof from Romans to 2 ThessaloniansRomans 11:17-221 Cor. 9:27 ; 10:12 ; 15:1,2 Gal. 5:4-7Phil. 2:12,13Col. 1:21-232 Thes. 2:3Proof from 1 timothy to james1 Tim. 1:5-7 ; 3:6,7 ; 4:1 ; 5:12,15 ; 6:10,20,212 Thim. 2:17,18 ; 3:14,15 ; 4:3,4Hebrews 2:1-3 ; 3:12-14,18 ; 4:1,11-13 ; 6:4-6 ; 10:26,29,38 ; 12:15-17James 5:19-20Proof from 1 peter to revelation1 peter 1:92 peter 1:10 ; 2:15,16,20,21 ; 3:17,181 John 2:24,25,28Revelation 2:5,10,11 ; 3:1-5,16 ; 22:19Salvation is a commitmentSalvation is a commitment to Jesus in deed, not just in word. Faith and can salvation be lostIt is written, NOW UNTO HIM THAT IS ABLE TO KEEP YOU FROM FALLING-Jude 24. So we ask ho does God keep us from falling? We stand BY FAITH-Ro 11:20. However, SOME SHALL DEPART FROM THE FAITH-1 Tim 4:1. HAVING DAMNATION, BECAUSE THEY HAVE CAST OFF THEIR FIRST FAITH-1 Tim 5:!2. We are warned that, IF ANY MAN DRAW BACK, MY SOUL SHALL HAVE NO PLEASURE IN HIM-Heb. 10:38. God keeps you from falling through your faith. If you cast off your faith or draw back, God will have no pleasure in you. The Bible urges us to not DRAW BACK(from faith)*UNTO PERDITION*-Heb 10:38,39. BEING SEALED: CAN SALVATION BE LOST?Jesus tell us, FOR HIM HATH GOD THE FATHER SEALED-Jn 6:27. When we are saved, God gives us his spirit. Can we be unsealed? It is written, AFTER THAT YE BELIEVED,YE WERE SEALED WITH THAT HOLY SPIRIT OF PROMISE, WHICH IS EARNEST OF OUR INHERITANCE UNTIL THE REDEMPTION OF THE PURCHASED POSSESSION-Eph. 1:13,14. Note, THE EARNEST OF OUR INHERITANCE. Earnest or arrabon means money deposited by the purchaser and forfeited, if the purchase was not completed. The Bible gives us the formula for completing a purchase. Jesus paid it completely by his shed blood; however, we must hold onto our faith, for we stand by faith. We must hold THE BEGINNING OF OUR CONFIDENCE STEADFAST UNTO THE END-Heb 3:14. We enter into a contract(or covenent or solemn agreement) when we receive Jesus. Jesus is the groom, and we are the bride. He gives us a pledge or token of this contract. The price of the purchase has been paid. Now, we receive an engagement ring(the holy spirit) as a deposit; thus, we are sealed unto Jesus as His bride. During this period of being sealed, temptations come against us to try to draw us away. We are tested to see if our love for Jesus is real. Will we wait for our bridegroom faithfully, no matter what temptaions come? Or will we stop waiting, and go off to serve another? We have been bought for a price. Jesus died for us. Yet we can take off the ring, and choose to serve another. The Holy Spirit gives us the power to stand against the enemy. He promises no temptation will come against us that is more than we can bear. Our love and faith are being tested. If we hold firm until he calls us home, we become his bride, If we fall away, the engagement ring is forfeited. We cannot keep it, as the Holy Spirit is a guarantee that we are His, and we are waiting faithfully in love. Many do forfeit the engagement ring. They leave their first love and go to another. The other leads us to death, HELL. SEALED AND FAITH: CAN SALVATION BE LOST?It is written THE FOUNDATION OF GOD STANDETH SURE, HAVING THIS SEAL, THE LORD KNOWETH THEM THAT ARE HIS- 2 Tim 2:19. WHO ARE KEPT BY THE POWER OF GOD THROUGH FAITH UNTO SALVATION- 1 Pe 1:5. How does God keep us? How do we stand? It is by faith. If we lose our faith, we are not standing sure, and we are not kept by the power of God. For, WITHOUT FAITH IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO PLEASE HIM-Heb 11:6MEMBERS OF HIS BODY: CAN SALVATION BE LOST?We are MEMBERS OF HIS BODY, OF HIS FLESH-Eph.5:30. One may ask, How can we become separated, and not be members of his body? The answer again, is given by Gods Word. THOU STANDEST BY FAITH. If we depart from faith, we depart from being members of his body. .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1 , .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1 .postImageUrl , .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1 , .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1:hover , .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1:visited , .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1:active { border:0!important; } .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1:active , .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1 .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1927795688fc6d40e3477cafc94a51b1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ode To Nightingale By Keats EssayNEITHER DEATH NOR LIFE SHALL SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF GOD: CAN SALVATION BE LOST?Paul tells us, FOR I AM PERSUADED, THAT NEITHER DEATH, NOR LIFE, NOR ANGELS, NOR PRINCIPALITIES, NOR POWERS, NOR THINGS PRESENT, NOR THINGS TO COME, NOR HEIGHT, NOR DEPTH, NOR ANY OTHER CREATURE, SHALL BE ABLE TO SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF GOD, WHICH IS IN CHRIST JESUS OUR LORD-Ro 8:38,39. This verse seems to support the position, one may not lose salvation. However, the verse never says we cannot separate ourselves from God. Now powers can separate us, be we can chose to walk away. During the tribulation, many will receive Jesus, but they will be tempted with taking the mark or starving to death, as they cannot buy or sell. They will be tempted to worship the image or be beheaded. Many born again Christians will give in and take the mark and worship the image. These will go to HELL. Satan cannot force you to turn from God. He tempts you, as he tempted Eve. No one forced Eve to eat of the tree. She became deceived and chose to disobey God. It is written, WHO SHALL SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF CHRIST? SHALL TRIBULATION, OR DISTRESS, OR PERSECUTION, OR FAMINE, OR NAKEDNESS, OR PERIL, OR SWORD?-Ro 8:35. Nothing can separate us from the love of Christ; except ourselves. RIGHTEOUS TURN FROM HIS RIGHTEOUSNESS: CAN SALVATION BE LOST?God tells us , WHEN THE RIGHTEOUS TURNETH FROM HIS RIGHTEOUSNESS(Jesus his faith), AND COMMITETH INIQUITY, HE SHALL EVEN DIE THEREBY(Go to Hell). BUT IF THE WICKED TURN FROM HIS WICKEDNESS(repents), AND DO THAT WHICH IS LAWFUL AND RIGHT, HE SHALL LIVE THEREBY-Ezek 33:!8,19. These people thought they could not lose their salvation. God seems to be displeased that they thought, once saved always saved. He speaks through ezekial with words that seem to explode: (17)*THY PEOPLE SAY, THE WAY OF THE LORD IS NOT EQUAL: BUT AS FOR THEM, THEIR WAY IS NOT EQUAL*. These words are for every person who believes once saved always saved. The way of God, once you surrender to Jesus, is all your sins are erased. They are not remembered. But, if you turn back to sin (turn from your faith), all good deeds are equally not remembered. Gods ways are totally just. When the RIGHTEOUS MAN DOTH TURN FROM HIS RIGHTEOSNESS, AND COMMIT INIQUITYHE SHALL DIE IN HIS SIN, AND HIS RIGHTEOUSNESS WHICH HE HATH DONE SHALL NOT BE REMEMBERED-Ezek 3:20. This includes baptism. Jesus said, regarding baptism, THUS IT BECOMETH US TO FULFILL ALL RIGHTEOUSNESS-Mt 3:15. Once you are saved, if you fall away, then you need to repent and be re baptized. I SHOULD BE CASTAWAY: THOU SHALT BE CUT OFF: CAN SALVATION BE LOST?Paul said,I KEEP UNDER MY BODY, AND BRING IT UNTO SUBJECTION: LEST THAT BY ANY MEANS, WHEN I HAVE PREACHED TO OTHERS, I MYSELF SHOULD BE A CASTAWAY-1 cor 9:27. Paul new we could lose salvation as also exemplified in the following. BEHOLD THEREFORE THE GOODNESSOF GODIF THOU CONTINUE IN HIS GOODNESS: OTHERWISE THOU ALSO SHALT BE CUT OFF(If you do not continue in faith and obeying the gospel, you will be cut off) AND THEY ALSO, IF THEY ABIDE NOT STILL IN UNBELIEF, SHALL BE GRAFTED IN: FOR GOD IS ABLE TO GRAFT THEM IN AGAIN-RO 11:22,23. They can be saved, but fall into unbelief and lose salvation. However, if they repent and believe again, God can save them again(a second time.)HE WAS TURNED TO BE THEIR ENEMYIsaih also shows us, HE WAS THERE SAVIORHE REDEEMED THEMBUT THEY REBELLEDHE WAS TURNED TO BE THEIR ENEMY-Isa 63:8-10. .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88 , .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88 .postImageUrl , .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88 , .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88:hover , .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88:visited , .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88:active { border:0!important; } .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88:active , .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88 .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc739a23cca0ff13c33e4bc50e716ad88:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Role Of Religion Dr. Faustus EssayHIM WILL I BLOT OUT OF MY BOOKMoses knew you could lose salvation. He came to God saying, YET NOW, IF THOU WILT, FORGIVE THEIR SIN; AND IF NOT, BLOT ME, I PRAY THEE, OUT OF THE BOOK WHICH THOU HAST WRITTEN. AND THE LORD SAID UNTO MOSES, WHOEVER HAS SINNED AGAINST ME, HIM WILL I BLOT OUT OF MY BOOK-Ex 32:32,33. David knew you could lose your salvation. He prayed, LET THEM BE BLOTTED OUT OF THE BOOK OF THE LIVING-Ps 69:28. If your name is in the book of life, you are saved. If your name is blotted(erased, marked out) of it, you obviously lose your salvation. THE LORD IS DEPARTED FROM THEESaul lost his salvation. Samuel said to him, WHEREFORE THEN DOST THOU ASK OF ME, SEEING THE LORD IS DEPARTED FROM THEE, AND IS BECOME THY ENEMY? BECAUSE THOU OBEYEDST NOT THE VOICE OF THE LORD-1 sam 28:16,18. He was saved, but he refused to obey Gods word. HE CAN FORSAKE YOUBUT IF YE FORSAKE HIM, HE WILL FORSAKE YOU-2 Chr 15:2IF SALT LOSES ITS FLAVORYE ARE THE SALT OF THE EARTH(saved)*BUT IF THE SALT HAS LOST HIS SAVOR(that distinctive quality which sets apart ir makes a difference between a saved person and an unsaved person)ITS THEN GOOD FOR NOTHING-Mt 5:13I AM THE TRUE VINEEVERY BRANCH IN ME(every saved person in jesus) THAT BEARETH NOT FRUIT(will not serve or do the will of God) HE TAKETH AWAY.AND CAST THEM IMTO THE FIRE-Jn 15:1,2,6. More:Rev 2:4-5.- Note- If you are fallen repent quickly before your name is removed from the book. 1 Cor 15:2Note- you may be saved but if you turn from the Word it is all for nothing. Over and over again the Bible warns us that once we are saved we need to be careful, take heed, examine ourselves, be sure we do not fall back into unbelief and return to sin. You are free. You have liberty. Nevertheless, if you are once saved, you go back into unbelief, willful sin, or refuse to do the will of God- and do not repent: you will perish from the way, become shipwreck, and be cast into the fire. 1 cor 10:12Lk 8:13Heb 11:131 cor 8:112 peter 2:20-22READ *****rev 22:19******REAL IMPORTANT

Trademark Act in India free essay sample

A reference to goods will imply services also, unless the context prohibits it. Trade Marks are at the centre of global business today. They are the major source of product differentiation and non-price competition in a modern, market driven economy. Consumers come to associate certain value in terms of performance, durability, price, after-sales service etc in the goods sold under specific brands, which may be among the greatest assets of the enterprise. In the language of the law, brand names are known as trade marks. Several products, of the same category or of different categories, can be marketed under one brand name. Recently, non-visual signs have made a strong claim for recognition as trade marks. Smell and sound signs fall under such category though they are not yet recognised in India. Several broadcasting organisations and film producers have specific signature tunes to identify their programmes. The concept of identifying the source of manufacture by a mark is an ancient one. We will write a custom essay sample on Trademark Act in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Signatures of craftsmen have been found engraved on goods sent to Iran from India some 3000 years ago! But trade mark gained importance after the industrial revolution when large-scale production and istribution of goods all over the world became possible and publicity through print and audio-visual media became necessary. The use of modern trade mark as a distinctive sign to indicate the origin or source of the product, carrying with it an association of high quality, goes back to the eighteenth century England, as in the case of cutlery trade. The real boost to trade mark came with Unilever. It marketed its soap under the brand Sunlight, emphasising not the product as such but the brightness that its use will bring to the clothes cleaned with it. The similarity of the products in the same market has necessitated the marking of goods by a symbol, which could distinguish one’s products from similar goods made by others. Trade Marks play a highly complex role in market driven economies, operating in the context of rapid integration of world economy. Through advertisement and other strategies, large market shares are captured by a few brands leading to concentration of market power in a few hands. If care is not exercised, a developing country may find itself flooded with foreign brands, unaccompanied by any flow of technology and 97 Awareness Course on Intellectual Property Rights uilding up of national capabilities. Of course, indigenous brands are exposed to severe and unequal competition in which they have to prove themselves. In 1940 the then British Government of India passed the Trade Marks Act for uniform and systematic registration of trade marks in India, which came into force on June 1, 1942. The Trade and Merch andise Marks Act, 1958, which came into effect from November 25, 1959, replaced it. It became necessary to effect changes in the trade mark law as India joined WTO as an original member in 1995 and it was obligatory to bring the Indian law in consonance with TRIPS. Hence new Trade Mark Act, 1999, repealed the old Act. The Act of 1999 makes important departures from the Act of 1958 in two important respects: †¢ †¢ Shape of goods is recognised as a trade mark; and Trade Marks are now granted for services also, besides goods. Goods is defined as anything which is the subject of trade or manufacture. Service means service of any description offered to users. Banking, finance, insurance, transport, energy supply, construction, hotels, entertainment, information and broadcasting etc. are all examples of areas where services are offered in connection with business, industry or commerce. Definition of service is meant to be all subsuming. The Registration of Trade Marks is done in Mumbai where the Trade Marks Registry is situated. There are branch offices of the Registry at Calcutta, Delhi and Chennai with separate jurisdictions. Objectives After studying this unit, you should be able to: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ explain the meaning of trade mark; understand the philosophy of trade mark; distinguish between what kind of trade marks can be registered and what cannot be; explain the procedure for registration of trade mark; and highlight the characteristic features of Indian Trade Mark Law. . 2 WHAT IS A TRADE MARK? A trade mark, as currently recognised in India, is a visual symbol (in the form of a word, a name, a device, a symbol, or a label) which identifies any merchants or manufacturers goods or services and distinguishes them from similar goods or services of competitors in the trade. It may include shape of goods, their packaging and combination o f colours. The Act makes a distinction between a trade mark and a well-known trade mark. If a substantial segment of public associates a trade mark with a particular class of goods and services, and if this trade mark is used for other goods or services, and the public is inclined to associate the new goods/services with the earlier goods/services, then the mark is a well known trade mark. If the proprietor of a trade mark is an association of persons, who do not make a partnership within the meaning of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932, the trade mark is called a collective mark. A special class of trade marks is termed as certification trade marks. These trade marks do not indicate the origin of the goods, but are certified by the proprietor of the mark as conforming to certain characteristics, like quality, ingredients, geographical origin etc. Agmark used for food items in India is a certification mark. 98 A trade mark is a sign used on, or in connection with the marketing of goods. Saying that the sign is used on the goods means that it may appear not only on the goods themselves but also on the container or wrapper of the goods. Saying that the sign is used in connection with the marketing of the goods refers mainly to the appearance of the sign in advertisements (in newspaper, on television, etc. ) or in the windows of the shops in which the goods are sold. Where a trade mark is used in connection with services, it may be called service mark, e. g. service marks used by hotels, restaurants, airlines, tourist agencies. The worth of a trade mark may amount to huge sums. According to Business Week/Interbrand’s Annual Ranking of the 100 Best Global Brands, 2003, the value of the brand name Coca-Cola is estimated to be $70 billion and that of Nescafe $12 billion! A person who sells his product under a particular trade mark acquires an exclusive right to the use of the mark in relation to those goods. Such a right can be registered under the new Trade Mark Act 1999, which repealed the Trade Mark and Merchandise Marks Act 1958. A registered trade mark can be protected against unauthorised use by others by an action for infringement. An unregistered trade mark can also be protected against unauthorised use by others by an action of passing off.

Working With Windows Registry From Delphi Applications

Working With Windows Registry From Delphi Applications The Registry is simply a database that an application can use to store and retrieve configuration information (last window size and position, user options and information or any other configuration data). Registry also contains information about Windows (95/98/NT) and about your Windows configuration. The Registry database is stored as a binary file. To find it, run regedit.exe (Windows registry editor utility) in your Windows directory. You will see that information in Registry is organized in a similar way to Windows Explorer. We can use regedit.exe to view registry information, change it or to add some information to it. It is obvious that modifications of the registry database could lead to a ​system crash (of course if you dont know what you are doing). INI vs. Registry It is probably very well known that in the days of Windows 3.xx INI files were a popular way of storing application information and other user-configurable settings. The most terrifying aspect of INI files is that they are just text files that the user can easily edit (change or even delete them). In 32-bit Windows Microsoft recommends using Registry to store the type of information that you would normally place in INI files (users are less likely to alter registry entries). Delphi  provides full support for changing entries in the Windows System Registry: via the TRegIniFile class (same basic interface as the TIniFile class for users of INI files with Delphi 1.0) and TRegistry class (low-level wrapper for the Windows registry and functions that operate on the registry). Simple Tip: Writing to the Registry As mentioned before in this article, basic registry operations (using code manipulation) are reading information from ​Registry and writing information to the database. Next piece of code will change the Windows wallpaper and disable the screen saver using TRegistry class. Before we can use TRegistry we have to add Registry unit to the uses clause at the top of source-code. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~uses registry;procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject) ;varreg:TRegistry;beginreg:TRegistry.Create;with reg do begintryif OpenKey(\Control Panel\desktop, False) then begin//change wallpaper and tile itreg.WriteString (Wallpaper,c:\windows\CIRCLES.bmp) ;reg.WriteString (TileWallpaper,1) ;//disable screen saver//(0disable, 1enable)reg.WriteString(ScreenSaveActive,0) ;//update changes immediatelySystemParametersInfo (SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER,0, nil,SPIF_SENDWININICHANGE) ;SystemParametersInfo (SPI_SETSCREENSAVEACTIVE,0, nil,SPIF_SENDWININICHANGE) ;endfinallyreg.Free;end;end;end;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Those two lines of code that start with SystemParametersInfo ... force Windows to update the wallpaper and screen saver information immediately. When you run your application, youll see the Windows wallpaper bitmap change to the Circles.bmp image that is, if you have circles.bmp image in your Windows directory. (Note: your screen saver is now disabled.)

Should Marijuana be legalized Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Should Marijuana be legalized - Research Paper Example Information about the history of Marijuana in the United States, the reasons behind its listing as a controlled drug, and the political connection to the ban will be discussed in as much detail as possible over the upcoming pages. To begin with, we must acknowledge that Marijuana was not always deemed an illegal substance in the United States. The Hemp plant itself, which is the original form of Marijuana, was widely used in what was then British America as woven fabric, food, incense, and rope. Such was the importance of Marijuana to the development of the country that back in 1619 Jamestown, Virginia declared that all farmers needed to grow Hemp. In fact, the 1850 census of America listed 8, 327 Hemp â€Å"plantations† covering a minimum of 2,000 acres meant for industrial and food purposes. But in the 1900s, the Mexicans began to flow into the United States, taking along with them their habit of smoking Marijuana. It was widely believed that the Mexicans were adversely affected by the plant that they smoked, hence the government ban on the same plant in the country. In a way, it was the method by which America decided to control the actions of the illegal immigrants in the country (Guither, Peter â €Å"Why is Marijuana Illegal?†). In a way, the ban on Marijuana was seen as a way to get rid of the Mexican laborers that entered the country during the great depression. While other states banned the plant believing that it was the cause of the high crime rate in their area (Block, Alan â€Å"Why Marijuana Became Illegal - The Basic Facts). While the aforementioned historical reasons for the ban on Marijuana may have rang true during its era. The reasons as to why Marijuana continues to be banned in the 21st century in some states of America have long shied away from those traditional reasons. These days, the ban is based mostly in scientific and psychological evidence of the prolonged smoking of the plant on

Enterpreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enterpreneurship - Essay Example An entrepreneurial mind is very innovative, and always comes up with new ideas of ventures which are thoughtfully planned. Entrepreneurs come up with ways of utilizing the available resources despite how few they may be, with the aim of making a profit. Uncertainty is a major trait of entrepreneurship since it entails coming up with something new which has not been existing in the market. Consequently, this means that as entrepreneur one has to be able to create market for what he has introduced, since he has the sole responsibility of ensuring business growth (McFadzean, O'Laughlin & Shaw, 2005, p. 350). Successful entrepreneurs have been found to be always positive as being negative may lead to the fail of a business opportunity. From the above understanding of entrepreneurship, I believe that I possess a few traits of an entrepreneur. I was able to exploit a few ideas while in college from which I was able to generate a small amount of capital. Particularly, since there was a lot of demand for photocopying services within the collage, I was able to start a photocopying shop (Parboteeah, 2000, p. 28). Though there were numerous shops within the college offering similar services, I did not give up. I aimed at locating the shop in a strategic position which was convenient and easily accessible to the students. The business lasted for a period of two years; when I moved out of that environment, on completion of my studies in search of greater opportunities (McFadzean, O'Laughlin & Shaw, 2005, p. 358). Despite the fact that the business was not able to generate a remarkable amount of profit, it gave me a significant amount of knowledge in the field of business. According to Parboteeah (2000, p. 32) the key aspect of entrepreneurship is coming up with new ideas, and this is what any business needs in order to grow. Innovation always keeps a company’s products in the market as the company will be able to beat its competitors through new strategies. Without c onstant innovations a company is likely to fail due to changes in technology, as well as market changes. Market changes within a short time hence, it is important for business managers to understand that what interests the market today, might not be of much interest come tomorrow (Johnson, 2001. p. 137). As a result, adding an entrepreneurial mind to a company is very important because the company will be assured of its survival and growth. Starting up a new business has many challenges and it requires one to be persevering, otherwise his whole business idea can be wasted (Parboteeah, 2000, p. 47). We all have weaknesses because we are human, and my biggest weakness is impatience as sometimes I feel like giving up. Also am not very good in multi-tasking since I feel that I have to accomplish one mission before venturing into another one. Moreover, I hate working under pressure because too much work may make me feel discouraged and instill a feeling of despair within me. I have paid for this weakness sometimes, however I have learnt to keep pushing on even when things seem very difficult (McFadzean, O'Laughlin & Shaw, 2005, p. 372). The most important strategy to the success of in business is to cultivate a positive attitude within you (Johnson, 2001. p. 140). Change all the self talk within you to appropriate positive talks that will drive you towards the attainment of your set goals. Focusing particularly on the lack of the ability to work under pressure, this might be due to laziness and the fear of stress. Stress comes as a result of one feeling that he does not have the capability of handling that amount of work. Stevenson, & Lundstrom (2002, p.235) explains that it is possible to overcome this through a change of attitude and putting more focus

Comcast Corporation and its Vision Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comcast Corporation and its Vision - Assignment Example One of the companies which has formulated and implemented its vision is Comcast Corporation. Comcast Corporation was established in the year 1963. It offers the following services in the broadcasting, pay TV and internet provision: VoIP phone, Cable television, Theme parks, Broadband internet, Sports franchising, Home Security Systems, Radio broadcasting, Motion pictures, Television broadcasting. The vision of this company is ‘As Comcast evolves, we continue to look to the future - seeking out new communications technology, new opportunities, and more choices. We want to continue to provide people with the communications products and services that connect them to what’s important in their lives.’From Brooks Barnesaug’s article ‘Comcast invests by the Billion in Theme Parks, Hogwarts and All’ published it is evidenced that Comcast Corporation not only has a smart vision, but has been implementing it to the latter. The expansionist strategies of the company especially in theme parks clearly shows that it is indeed committed to creating a brighter future, looking for and exploring new opportunities, high-tech innovations as well as choices aimed at exclusively satisfying the diverse needs of its clientele. There are many organizations which, despite having smart visions, do not bother about implementing them in order to optimize their available opportunities. As recounted by Brooks’ in its article, the company has spent a lot of resources to fulfill its vision.

Challenges Faced By Socrates

Challenges Faced By Socrates Socrates developed this philosophy when he himself was facing some challenges as he was facing trial for corrupting young people and undermining the state religion. Socrates once said that the unexamined life is not worth living. In this he was Socrates wanted forward various issues including the independent of mind or autonomy, if an individual does not reflect on their values and life and just living life like they are going through a motion. One behaves like a mere cog in the machinery of that is the human universe. When we have experiences whether good or bad we should think about them and try to find out why they are happening to us. One should always question their personal actions, what drives them, and we should remodel our character into a way we feel it is the most appropriate and not what others or situations think. A life that has not been examined has no author, for the individual did not live his life but mere followed the force of nature or others. Therefore it is very important for an individual to be examined for it helps them to find their place in the society. According to Socrates the human life is supposed to be for one to achieve both personal and spiritual growth. An individual will be able to understand their true nature when they examine and reflect on the life they are living. By having an examination on the life we live we will better understand our pattern of behavior. By deeply contemplation on our life we will better understand our subconscious which is what controls our life. Therefore if we do not make time to understand our subconscious we will unconscious be living a repetitive life with no meaning. Examining our life relates to philosophy as it means we have to take time to study our behavior and find ways of improving this behavior. 2. Plato in the discussion that he made on the myth of the cave, he distinguished on aspects of awareness which are knowledge and opinion. In the myth of the cave he described how one has been deeply chained inside a cave. As they are chained in the cave their cannot see each other and they have restricted vision and what they can only see is the wall in the cave and which shows shadows from statues belonging to animals and various objects emanating from a burning fire. One of the chained individuals escaped from their captivity in the cave to the light of the day. After escaping the person sees real world for the first time and goes back to those still in the cave and informs them that they have only been seeing appearances and shadows and if they fight to free themselves they will see the real world out there. The environment in the cave which has appearances that are shadowy it shows to for Plato is the appearance that is there in the physical world. The escape to the world full of the sun outside of the cave is a symbol of transitioning into a world that is real, where things are full and perfect, and there are real forms, this are the true aspects of knowledge. Plato argued that Forms are arranged according to hierarchy. With the top Form being the form that is good, according to the myth of the cave is the sun. The sun which acts as the form of good helps to explain on how an individual becomes aware of how things they are the way they are or how they came to be. The cave stands for the world which is in our imagination, the in the shadows cave shows of how at passive state that we are at when thinking. Those who decide to learn in the cave are the individuals who have empirical knowledge and are able to make predictions. The knowledge that they have is not useful but a shadow. Educati on is only important if it can be able to free someone from their bondage. Every individual has an ability to think and If does not utilize this it is because he is held by chains. 3. Elizabeth Spelman once claimed that, women have been portrayed as bodily being. By portraying the woman this way she is denied her status that belongs to her as a human being. According to Rene Descartes who is accredited to have developed the theory of Cartesian dualism, he argued of distinction between the mind and the body and they are also separate. Cartesian dualism states that the thoughts of a man are a reflection of his beliefs, values, conditions, experiences, and development. The Cartesian dualism that speaks of the independence and separation of the mind and body perpetuates a sexist beliefs and behaviours. This is because it privileges the cognitive and intellectually is represented. This masculine discourses; Spelman argued that it works in reproducing a disembodied way of thinking which blinds people on how a normal world is. Spelman argued that the viewing of the woman as a property or a sex product undermines who the woman is. Elizabeth Spelman the Cartesian dualism is used to justify why the women are subordination especially in fields such as Politics. The stereotyping of women is a dangerous aspect in the society, judging a woman based on her body is an affront to the women. The theory tends to give certain roles to women, like that they have a certain position in the society and they are field that are specifically for them and others they should not venture into. They are seen as models and not engineers. 4. Aristotle refuted Plato Theory of Ideas arguing that, that the existence of various Ideas that contradict themselves and deny there being a possibility of a negation. He also argued that the portraying of Ideas was an empty metaphors and finally that the theory used various impermanent abstractions that created perception. The theory by Plato was meant to establish that the knowledge of reality was. Aristotle considered the argument to be full of inconsistencies and he believed that reality depended on correlations of other elements. These ideas, Plato believed were self contained absolutes and are permanent and they help in establishing what knowledge is and how it is attained by use of human thought. Plato also viewed Ideas as good standards to which it can be used to judge human endeavor and at the top of hierarchy of ideas leads is that of Good. Also the theory argued that that the states of being are based or dependent on the interaction of number of Forms of existence, also the objectivity of knowledge and therefore more real, it also argued that only the processes that are from nature are valid entities. However, Aristotle attacks this theory on the grounds that Platos arguments are inconclusive either his assertions are not al all cogent. Aristotle says, or his arguments lead to contradictory conclusions. Aristotle claimed that the argument by Plato makes one to conclude that those entities that might be man-made and the negation of great ideas can exist like from non good in when in opposition to good. This works in contradicting the belief by Plato which was that only natural objects can be used by unto themselves, that they are independent of the subjective experiences of human. Aristotle argued that Ideas cannot be abstractions but they are duplicates experiences that are witnessed by individuals everyday in their da ily life. Aristotle meant that Platos idea which stated that Ideas are not tangible to the subjective human experiences is perfect entities, has no grounds, since all standards are set by the perception and ordinary human activity. 5. Behaviorism is a theory of that believes that that all human behaviors are learnt or acquired through the process of conditioning. The process of conditioning happens when an individual interacts with the environment. Behaviorism experts believe that behavior can be effectively studied in an observable and systematic way without the consideration of the internal mental states in the subject of which the behavior is being studied. Behavior theorists believe that learning is just but the acquisition of behavior and this acquisition is conditioned by the environment that the person lives in. there are two methods of conditioning, namely the classical conditioning and the operant conditioning. According to dualism there are number a number of uses of thought. The idea of dualism believes that, for everything, there are two options or categories of principles or things. A dualist will believe that there is Good and Evil. The dualist belief that the two things or principles, are independent equal opposing forces in the world. In the mind philosophy, dualism theory believes that the mind and body is radically different thing. It is a theory that tends to say that everything comes from the mind and the body and that both are very different and distinct. The spirit, mind, or soul is thought to be the conscious and it help to show the self using the brain. The computational theory of mind argues that mind of human beings should be seen as a system for processing information. It also argues that thoughts are a form of computation. I prefer behaviorism as I belief that all behaviors that people exhibit are based on the environment that they live in. I strongly believe that behavior is learned by people. 6. Berkeley argued that the position of idealism can be held without any contradiction. Berkeley tried to portray realism as absurd, since it needed some concepts that cannot be conceptualized in reality. Therefore Berkeley made a conclusion that idealism was necessary, and the only theory we should work to understand. Realism is the ontological position which believes that there exists some things that which are neither in our minds or they are ideas in minds and idealism is the ontological position that believes that everything which exists it exists as either as an idea in a mind or a mind. Anti realist believe that what cannot be observed is not real. They insist that people can only understand anything if they come to understand the circumstances it is the way it is. They deny the objective reality that is of entities. They also deny the verifying of statement that are transcendent on a certain entity whether true or false. Berkeley and anti realist have several things in common which include that he did not believe in realism but believed in idealism which he considered to be essential to people. He argued that for a concept to be concrete it has to be observable. This is the same as what anti realist hold. 7. Jean-Paul Sartre, made the phrase that existence precedes essence. In the past it was assumed that nature or essence was more important eternal than existence. The phrase that existence precedes essence means, that humans and reality, exist before there are any morals or values. An individual is born with nothing in their mind. Also human beings do not have any universal or form of predetermined principles that are common to all. Sartre made an argument of there being two kinds of being, being-in-itself which demonstrated as being complete, fixed, and there being no reason of it there, it just is, it works to describe the external objects. The other being is showed as being dependent on the way it previously existed. It is fixed, absolute and works to describe the state of humanity. There being no preformed essence or a clear what to be human is, an individual is tasked to form their own concept about existence this can be achieved by an individual ensuring that they assert control and show responsibility for their choices and acts. Human beings gain their essence by their choices and actions that they make as individuals. It by living that an individual is able to define who truly they are. By life that we experience every day, we are involved in a process that shapes our identity. Since there is no set moral code that has been set for us to abide with, then there people as individuals have a fundamental freedom to ensure that they create their personal system of belief. 8. The ontological argument is an argument on the existence of God. The argument is based on reason and intuition alone. As per the argument, it states that that one should not look for any physical evidence to show that God exists. But by merely thinking about it we can realize that God exists. In philosophy this argument is referred to as priori argument. According to the ontological argument, human beings are wise enough to know claims false without even by looking into this claims and to find out. The argument claims that the thought that there is no God and does not exist is an absurd thought. According to the ontological argument, human beings can easily be able to decide that it is false or wrong to claim that there is no God; this decision can be made without one spending his time to look at the details of the existence of God. This is compared to one knowing what a triangle is which means it is obvious that it is impossible to have a four-sided triangle. The argument states that by one knowing the meaning of God it would be impossible for one to contemplate of God being non-existence. Descartes argued that it was impossible for people to demonstrating there being or existence of God who he considered to be supreme and a perfect being. Since human beings supposes and conceive the idea that there exists a supreme and perfect being. Therefore because we all have an idea of the supreme and perfect being, it is therefore imperative that we should all make a conclusion that this supreme perfect being does surely exists. 9. There being evil and a lot of suffering in the world poses a big challenge for one to belief in the existence of a God who is perfect. The problem of evil is an argument which argues that a God who is all-knowing, all powerful, and who is perfectly good should not permit any form of suffering or evil to happen. The world today is full of countless aspects of people suffering and there being too much evil.   The facts on the presence of evil and people suffering do conflict with the claim by the orthodox theists that there is a God who is perfectly good. This challenge by this conflict is known as the problem of evil. Some argue that God could have a reason that is morally enough reason for him to allow there being some evils to happen, by doing this he ensures that a big good is seen or comes out of the evil. But those against argue that God should only permit evil or suffering as it should be necessary so as to attain a bigger good. But when people look at the world, there are a lot of prevalent incidences of pointless evils that has no bigger good that comes out as a result. They also argue that the existence of pointless evil provide a strong case that God does not exist. Philosophers and theologians have worked to develop theodicies, which are responses that are meant to explain the argument from evil and help people to still have a belief in a God that is all-knowing, all-powerful and perfect and good. Some state that God allows people to undergo pointless evil for reason that are above human comprehension. 10. Pascal Wager argued that that is safe to believe that there is God since if later you learn that you were wrong you will have lost nothing. Also if one doesnt believe in God and it turns out to be incorrect, they will go to hell. He therefore believed it was not wise to be an atheist. I personally do not believe in this argument as it has several flaws. The argument doe not tell of which religion one should follow. Since there are many religions that are mutually exclusive and contradict each other example is Christianity and Islam. Therefore one might end up avoiding worshiping the wrong God thus avoiding the wrong hell and eventually end up in hell. Example is in both Christianity and Islam they both belief in there being hell yet their practices are very different and they both worship God, which God should one follow? Another flaw is that the argument that the person who the bet losses everything, it might be that he loses nothing. If an individual puts his bet on the wrong god, the True God just may decide to punish the person who bet wrong for his foolish behavior. Also the True God might be an independent God who respects the right of other people believing in what they reason rationally, therefore he does not pick on the bet. I also have a problem with somebody deciding to believe in a god since they think they have made a choice which will offer them a lot of benefits and less danger. This might be a problem as the god you believe in might have a problem in one believing in it so as to benefit by being allowed into heaven or not to be punished in hell. The god might be fair but on the choices that people made, were they selfish choice?

Creating Letterheads with Microsoft Word :: Businesses Sales Letterheads Essays

Creating Letterheads with Microsoft Word What you will write under this heading is the equivalent of the feasibility study which looks at the existing business practice and the problems associated with it. You should describe in general terms what the new system should achieve and consider whether the existing system can be modified. Estimate the time scale for completing the project. Who is the "real" user? Graham Richardson owns a garage and is opening two more branches his letter headed paper is out of date so he needs to create a new letterhead with Microsoft word What is the current problem? You are about to open 2 more braches. The owners need new headed letters showing the details of all branches. The letters are also rather out of date so this is a perfect opportunity to update their image. I must include company name, logo, new addresses, telephone/fax umbers(s) and E-mail address. Why has this problem arisen? The problem has arisen because he has two more new branches opening and they are using old letter heads and thier images are old were they don't use computers much. What is the objective or user requirement for this project? They will need new letter heads and maybe some business cards. What are the different ways this problem could be solved? Send it to a printer or use desktop publishing What is the best way to solve the problem and why? The best way to solve the problem is by using Microsoft Word. Microsoft Word is the best word processor to use for letter heads. The disadvantage is the use of the paper. so to save money print one off and photocopy the rest. The advantages is you can save you work and edit the work without starting again and money so that you don't have to send it to the printer. What is your estimated time scale for implementation? 4 weeks ======= Objectives? =========== Ø Save 70% of storage space by saving documents on a hard-drive and not having to photocopy everything and file it away. =================================================================== Ø Start sacking people because you won't need them anymore. =========================================================== Ø To start using E-mail because it is quicker and you can add documents and pictures and it's a lot more reliable. This will save money as well. Ø ANALYSE ========= The purpose of this stage is to break the problem down into small parts and to plan each part in detail so you have all the information you need ready to move on to the design stage. What information do I need to gather and where will it come from? I will need to gather contact details, to design a logo and make an

Maimonides: On Creation Essay

Creation is a metaphysical attribute attached by Philosophers to the notion of God. With regard to Maimonides’ interpretation, he regarded Creation as something created by God out of nothing or ‘ex nihilo’. He argues that Creation is something that can be proven through philosophy however, philosophy alone cannot explain creation out of nothing and thus, there is a need to rely on Torah (Trepp, 2000). Nonetheless, the whole discussion of Maimonides on the topic of creation in his book ‘Guide for the Perplexed’, he cautioned the readers to ‘expect some ambiguities and deceptions at worst (Rudavsky, 2000)’. Thus, several interpretation of Maimonides’ account of creation arise trying to decode whatever hidden message is preset in his writing. In the Guide for the Perplexed, Maimonides explicates three possible theory of creation; Platonic, Aristotelian and Mosaic. As he reiterated, at his conclusion on the chapter of creation, he stated that believing in the Mosaic interpretation is preferable and somehow practical; nonetheless, Plato’s account is also an option. This denotes that he is not in favour of the Aristotelian account. To see clearly the distinction, a brief overview of each account would be essential. The Mosaic interpretation holds that God created everything out of nothing or ‘ex nihilo’ (Dobbs-Weinstein, 1995). The Platonic version of creation put forwards the existence of something along with God in which God created everything. The last account, that of Aristotle believes that ‘the world is eternal and therefore necessitated out of God’s own nature or being’ (Dobbs-Weinstein, 1995). When Maimonides explained that the Platonic version is also an option, it undermines the fact that it is also possible. Nonetheless, Maimonides does not demonstrate or even thoroughly give explanation as to why Plato’s view is preferable; instead, he argued against Aristotelian view while defending the Mosaic view –only because it is according to prophecy. Due to the warning given by Maimonides, his exact view about creation is controversial. For the purpose of discussion, it is better to stick with the actual passage written in his book. In the Guide for the Perplexed, Maimonides point out that, the Aristotelian view would prove that miracles and the commandments are false or does not emanate from God. This is because creation as something eternal and a product of necessity removes God’s ability to choose freely (Dobbs-Weinstein, 1995). He argued against the assumption of Aristotelian philosophy that the world is something that is eternal by establishing the fact that God is something that is beyond human knowledge. Aristotelian argument of the world as eternal, rest on the assumption that creation is impossible because change is inherent in nature as well as change is impossible for something as perfect as God, thus everything is and always has been (Taffel, 2004). Maimonides asserts that the interpretation of what God has created could not lead to God’s real nature, as there is a difference between the account of origin and the account of change (Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, 2008). For origin is creation initially, whatever is there before the initial creation is something that man could not know unless he could go back there and see it for himself (Pines and Yovel, 1985 ). The account of change which states that something precedes something else does not apply to God in the sense that what applies to the created does not necessarily applies to the creator. Creation, in Maimonides terms, seems to be ‘ex nihilo’ in nature or that of the Mosaic view. However, agreeing on Plato’s account that God created something from something is a contradictory of the first belief. Nonetheless, both beliefs represent God as something that can will as opposed to Aristotelian God who exists necessarily (Pines and Yovel, 1985). Since Maimonides warned for ambiguity, it could be ascertain that one ambiguity lies on his position about change, wherein he disagree that something comes from something as extrapolated from human experience yet he concluded that Plato’s account is also acceptable (Rudavsky, 2000). At the end, Maimonides concluded that the Mosaic view is the most preferable because he is faced with uncertainties himself. Works Cited: Dobbs-Weinstein, I. Maimonides and St. Thomas on the Limits of Reason. SUNY Press, 1995. Pines, S. and Yovel, Y. Maimonides and Philosophy. Papers Presented at the Sixth Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter, May, 1985. Rudavsky, T. Time Matters: Time, Creation, and Cosmology in Medieval Jewish Philosophy. SUNY Press, 2000. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Maimonides. 2008. Retrieved on November 7, 2008, from http://www. science. uva. nl/~seop/entries/maimonides/ Taffel, David. Introduction. The Guide for the Perplexed. By Maimonides. Barnes & Noble Publishing, 2004. Trepp, L. A History of the Jewish Experience: Eternal Faith, Eternal People. Behrman House, Inc, 2000.

Alcohol Abstinence. A persuasive essay about becoming abstinent from alcohol.

Alcohol Abstinence. A persuasive essay about becoming abstinent from alcohol. Ever known someone that was a victim of an alcohol related death or had their lives ruined because of it? Well I have. More than 100,000 US deaths are caused by excessive alcohol drinking each year. Alcohol is a huge fetter to people and I believe that everyone should be abstinent from it. Alcohol is harmful to the body, teens abuse it and drink underage, and it has harmful effects on children.Every year, more money is spent promoting alcohol than any other product. Perhaps through its elaborate and creative marketing, the most basic, yet important fact about alcohol is often overlooked: It is a drug. One concept that many people find difficult to accept is that alcoholism and alcohol problems are a disease. Research has shown that alcohol interacts with the bodys systems in predictable ways to lead to physiological addiction. Alcohol significantly impairs judgment and coordination, it can increase the chance of aggressive acts, it can do permanent damage to vital organs, and it can cause cancer, gastrointestinal irritations such as nausea, diarrhea, and ulcers, malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies, sexual dysfunctions, high blood pressure, lowered resistance to disease, and others.7338 - Moscow - Bolotnaya Proshad - Children are t...Alcohol is the most commonly used drug among young people today. Underage drinking costs the United States more than 58 billion dollars a year. Thats enough to buy every public school student a state of the art computer. Concerning the past 30 days, 50% of high school seniors reported drinking, with 32% report being drunk at least once. About 30% of failures in school are caused by alcohol and 2-3% of teens die from it. Despite the tireless efforts of thousands of advocates, impaired drivers continue to kill someone every 30 minutes, nearly 50 people a day, and almost 18,000 citizens a year.Lots of people think the...

The Art of Candlemaking essays

The Art of Candlemaking essays Have you ever had a horrible day? Have you ever tried to set the mood, but it just wasnt right? The solution to these problems is simple. According to Rathborne Candles, the lighting of a few candles would have fixed both situations. I have found solace in candles, and would like to share the wealth. Therefore, today I would like to tell you all about the three major steps in creating hand carved candles: the dipping process, the carving process, and the finishing process. But, before I do this, I would like to give you a brief summary of the history of candles. The candle is the oldest source of supplying light, with references of candles dating back to ancient times as early as 3000 BC. Although the history of candles is not recorded, it is believed that the Egyptians produced the first candles by dipping reeds into animal fat. According to the International Guild of Candle Artisans, evidence of candle holders from as early as the fourth century B.C. have been found in Egypt, and there are several references to candles in the Bible. The smelly animal fat candles were replaced by paraffin wax candles around the 15th century according to waxed out.com. Other materials used to make candles were beeswax and spermaceti, made from the heads of sperm whales. Although beeswax is still used today, neither it or spermaceti would survive as well as paraffin. The actual art of hand carving candles originated in Germany according to soap and candles.com. It was brought to America in the nineteenth century by German immigrants, and I will now tell you how these beautiful candles are made. The first step is the dipping process. Before the dipping process can begin, the color combination of the candle must be chosen. Also, the colored wax must be heated to 175 degrees. A pre-made star shaped mold is tied to a hook and dipped into the major color of the candle. The first dip last about 45 seconds. This is done to heat the ...

South Korea Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

South Korea - Research Paper Example In any country, the daily life of people is guided by cultural practices and believes. In South Korea the daily lives of the South Korean people is guide by Century-old Confucian principles. These principles include among others dedication to hard work and a devotion to family and society. Another unique cultural aspect of the South Korean Society is the use of both the Gregorian calendar and the lunar calendar. The Lunar calendar, with its ties to the land and awareness of changing of seasons assist them in identifying seasons and activities of those seasons. Unlike other societies, their festivals and holidays are based on the lunar calendar so it is advisable that one take necessary measures when planning a visit to this country (Lee 13). According to Lee (13), another part of Confucianism deeply practiced among the South Koreans is the idea of the patriarchic system that regards fathers as the most responsible members of the family and gives elders very much honor. In addition, i n this kind of system, the fathers can only undertake certain activities of the society and in most cases; the father is expected to lead in everything a family does. The problem with such a system is when the father turns to be irresponsible or he is not there at all. These can lead to some of the important family activities failing. In addition, Lee (13) states that the most predominant traditional festival among the South Koreans is the traditional Jesa. This is a ceremony organized to honor the ancestors. In South Korea rice is the most popular food in South Korea, taken as the main dish at almost every meal. Other parts of the meals may include vegetables, soups, fish, and meat. The most common food among the South Koreans is kuk (soup) and chim (stew) made with vegetables, rice, and meat. In addition to this, they also eat kimch’i. This is a spicy, pickled vegetable dish, which is served with other dishes (Davis 13). Changing from a developing to a developed nation has resulted in the change of the diet of the South Koreas. These changes include the importation of beef that has encouraged meat eating and the availability Americans’ food such as bread, dairy foods, baked goods and fast foods (Drago and Goody 150). Therefore, no one visiting South Korea should be afraid of the issue of food. Like the Chinese, the South Koreans have the culture of using chopsticks to eat instead of the cutlery used by the Western countries (Davis 13). It is important to note that some in-depth South Korean issues can be of interest to us. Some of these issues include ceramics, paintings, sculptures, Architecture, and religion. In this case, I will discuss the issue of religion. This does not mean that other issues are trivial; they are equally important as they are rooted to this community and have been practiced for years. They have also been developing from generation to generation. There are various religions practiced in the country of South Korea. Accordi ng to Clark (29), these religions are in three main categories, which include established religions, newly raising religions and the popular religion. Established religions include Buddhism, Christianity, newly rising religion include unification of churches, and the popular religion include shamanism (Clark 29). The oldest religions in South Korea are ideas, shamanism, and animism. In these kinds of religion, adherence

Humanism and the Arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Humanism and the Arts - Essay Example Discussion All academic circles today acknowledge humanities as a separate academic discipline or field of study. However, humanists of the late fifteenth century are responsible for the development of the same. As mentioned earlier in the paper, that they named it as studia humanitatis that included grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry, and ethics or moral philosophy. Quite understandably, the idea of having such as an outline of subjects was twofold. Firstly, the goal was to make the students with exceptional, graceful, and elegant orators and writers (Gay, 2001). Secondly, the idea was to make sure that people realize the importance of moral values, their collective responsibility towards the society and acknowledge their power of reasoning so that they can outclass their supernatural religious dogma, contribute for the betterment of their societies and can persuade others to do the same (Kelley, 1991). In addition, it is very interesting to compare scholasticism, the idea that pervaded in much of the pre-Renaissance European society, with humanism, which to a considerable extent, became successful in replacing it. Actually, humanism was a response to the inefficiencies, loopholes, and failures of scholasticism. Firstly, scholasticism failed to give the taste of practical experience to its followers and relied heavily on abstract thoughts. As mentioned earlier, humanists proposed that physical and moral development is also important with intellectual development (Grassi, 1988).

Write a research paper about oil price related to people's daily life

Write a about oil price related to people's daily life - Research Paper Example The reduction affected the earnings for OPEC, which in turn reduced its supply to maintain a certain price. Shortage of oil in turn increased its prices in the consuming countries leading to high prices for the basic commodities. The fall in oil prices in year 2014 will affect large economies such as the US, which have large borrowings with expectations that oil prices may go up. Anything that affects the economy of a nation affects the lives of the consumers who the country’s citizens. Rising oil prices in the international markets lead to increased prices of oil products such as cooking fuels and petroleum products. High prices of petroleum products such as petrol and diesel lead increase in the transportation costs for consumers goods forcing the sellers to increase their prices as well. In fact, almost all the commodities used by consumers today depend on the price of oil especially the industrial manufactured goods. Many industries use oil products to run their machines a nd any price fluctuation and increase in price is passed to the consumer. Oil prices affect the prices of consumer goods in the world because they raise the production cost for manufactured basic commodities. Many medical products originate from petroleum, which means that any change in the oil prices will affect the prices of medical products and finally the health of consumers. Many may not be aware that many products they use for medical purposes come from oil products such as petroleum. Without the product, loss of lives will be a common phenomenon due to lack of important medical devices and the high cost of the available ones. Some the examples of the devices from petroleum products are vaporizers, gloves, stethoscope, anesthetic, heart valves, artificial limbs and many more (Horsnell & Mabro, 1993). Hospitals rely on the petroleum product for their daily operations without which diagnosis and treatment would be impossible. Other health items at home use

F-1 status Essay Example for Free

F-1 status Essay I would like to appeal the case for reinstatement of my F-1 status with your office. My F-1 status expired on December 23, 2006. I require an extension on my F-1 visa because I have a research program pending completion at my university and this project must be done on site and allow me to have physical contact with my professors and advisers on this project. It is with a hopeful heart that I request you to consider the humanitarian reason behind my request. My father fell ill last year and this caused major interruptions to my research work. He eventually succumbed to his illness last September 2006 and this caused even greater damage to my research project because I had to take time off to join my family in caring and eventually mourning for my father. I was aware of the December 23, 2006 deadline but due to the reasons I have stated, I became preoccupied and eventually lost track of time. I did not realize that my visa had expired until it was too late. I realize that I am asking for a tremendous concession on your part. All I ask is to be given the chance to complete my project using some borrowed time. I assure you that I will honor any agreement that we may enter into in order to assure you of my honesty regarding this matter. Thank you for taking the time to seriously consider my request. Sincerely,

Amendments of Public Entertainments and Meetings Act (PMA)

Amendments of Public Entertainments and Meetings Act (PMA) To whom it may concern, As a dutiful Singaporean citizen who is deeply concerned with the tidings of our local arts industry, I am writing in to exhort the Media Development Authority (MDA) to review the proposed amendments of the Public Entertainments and Meetings Act (PEMA) that was released on May 12th 2014. I also refer to Ms. Corrie Tan’s article titled, â€Å"Art of Censorship in Singapore† (The Straits Times, 7 June 2014). I understand that the aforementioned proposition seeks to establish a â€Å"co-regulatory partnership† with local art practitioners by â€Å"empowering arts entertainment event organisers to classify their own performances whilst adhering to community standards and expectations† (MDA, 2014a). Consequently, a new Arts Term Licensing Scheme which mandates the obligatory training of individual artists from local art companies by the MDA as qualified â€Å"content assessors† for â€Å"self-classification† has been edict. Whilst the general outlook of the said proposal may be well meaning in nature as it confers a window peek to MDA’s progressive shift toward the relegation of some of its authority over content classification to its relevant communities (The Straits Times, 10 June 2014), in this case, the arts to local art practitioners, a closer examination upon the various stratums underlying the scheme has left me exceedingly troubled as many fundamental assumptions rooted in its conception, albeit seemingly benign on paper, remains deeply problematic in both practice as well as in spirit. Accordingly, I note that the concepts of â€Å"self-classification†, â€Å"co-regulation†, and â€Å"empowerment† of the local arts industry as posited in the new scheme, falls on a highly erroneous continuum of prevarication as they have not been veritably demonstrated. The notion of â€Å"self-classification† suggests that local art practitioners are granted with an autonomous, free-willed, and imperative role of contribution in the development and undertaking of the classification guidelines. Yet, such has been reflected otherwise in practice as the â€Å"classification† of art works remain subjugated to the prescribed criterions solely ordained by the MDA, without assembling any prior consultations or discussions with art practitioners (Arts Engage, 2014a). In addition, â€Å"self-classification† implies the absence of censorship wherein art works merely follow a catalogue of classification ratings and are never subjected to prohibition. However, the â€Å"Not Allowed for Ratings† category (MDA, 2014c) – in other words, a euphemism for censorship – runs contradictory to the idea of â€Å"self-classification†. It seems that this new scheme by MDA is but a reinstatement of the same old perilous template of censorship in Singapore where authorities are conceived as the unequivocal â€Å"arbiters of tastes† (McGuigan, 1996), rather than trusting artists to be ethically, morally, or socially responsible, and that of my fellow Singaporeans’ capacity to judge an art work critically. Under the principles of classification published in the 2010 report by the Censorship Review Committee (CRC Report, 2010), it was stated that â€Å"classification boundaries must be set according to community standards determined via an engagement process involving the regulator, community, and the industry.† This suggests the presence of an open, transparent, and inclusive process of engagement amongst artists, authorities, and members of the public to determine the perimeters of classification – as in tandem with MDA’s ideals of â€Å"consultation† and working closely with â€Å"expertise and perspectives of a wide spectrum of society† (MDA, 2014b) and the purported notion of â€Å"co-regulation†. However, this is not reflected in truth as the new Arts Term Licensing Scheme which edicts artists to be trained by the MDA as â€Å"qualified content assessors† is but a guise of the state policing the arts by proxy as these â€Å"content assessors† are strictly tethered to executing MDA’s rules. Instead of creating an ingenuous engagement between art practitioners and the MDA where genuine partnership and shared responsibilities may be fostered, artists are merely subjugated as extensions of MDA’s censorships. This, I believe is not â€Å"co-regulation†, but a faà §ade for self-censorship. More notably, such a move resembles that of a â€Å"panopticon† surveillance (Foucault, 1977) with MDA’s pervasiveness at â€Å"disciplining† and â€Å"normalizing† artistic expression on both a macro and micro level by implanting seemingly innocuous â€Å"content assessors† within the heart of art companies – so that whilst MDA’s presence appears to be incognito on the surface, their regulations still remain executed with stringency. Not only is this highly inimical to one’s artistic innovation and creativity (Arts Engage, 2014b), I believe that the fear of non-conformance would fester like an insidious wound that ultimately undermines the development of our arts industry, and on a grandeur scale, the growth of our society as a harmonious whole – as it would not be instilled within my fellow Singaporeans recognize and acknowledge the varying nuances when it comes to the interpretation of art (Chee Meng, 2014). With such an intolerant perspective that fails to conceive art as an outset for constructive discourse, how then can our nation truly blossom into a â€Å"Global City of the Arts† as our leaders have envisioned? Furthermore, it was acknowledged in the 2003 report of Censorship Review Committee that a â€Å"one-size-fits-all† paradigm of censorship is increasingly non-viable given the heterogeneous and ever-changing society of Singapore (CRC Report, 2003). Thus, it seems that this â€Å"new† approach by MDA is not only paradoxical, but terribly regressive. Additionally, whilst the MDA has stressed that the Arts Term Licensing Scheme is â€Å"optional† suggesting that artists have a â€Å"choice† in the matter, it appears that this is but a shrewd attempt by the authorities at veiling a false dichotomy to our art practitioners as they are essentially caught in between continuing the present regime where MDA issues all classifications and advisories, or that of a seemingly â€Å"different† system that is inherently the same as the former since â€Å"content assessors† are specially trained to heed MDA’s specifications. As such, I question MDAâ₠¬â„¢s sincerity at â€Å"co-regulation† and all of its supposed â€Å"ideals† of openness, engagement, inclusiveness, and transparency. In line with the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore which delineates that every Singaporean citizen possess the rights of freedom of speech (Attorney General’s Chambers, 2010) – in this case, the â€Å"speech† is expressed via the modus of art – MDA’s new scheme appears to be a flagrant violation of that democracy and with it, the concept of a â€Å"public sphere† (Habermas, 1964) where there an open space that allows for the exploration of ideas free from overbearing restrictions. If our nation is truly a democratic society, why then is the MDA imposing such harsh regulations of self-censorship upon our artists who simply yearns for art as a medium of expression, and that of mine, and my fellow Singaporean’s freedom of choice in enjoying art in all its various forms? By limiting the creations of artists, allowing audiences to be only be granted access to what is deemed as â€Å"appropriate content†, and creating a rift of division between â€Å"content assessors† and their colleagues all in the name of â€Å"public good†, is the MDA genuinely â€Å"protecting† social harmony, or is this simply a circumvented attempt at regulating a power relationship between us citizens and the state (McGuigan, 1996). In a similar vein, MDA’s espoused notion of â€Å"empowering† art practitioners by according them the prerogative in deciding the classification of their art works remains highly contentious as in practice, artists are subjugated to the strict adherence of MDA’s policing mechanisms by proxy and consequently, are renounced of any leeway to exercise their personal liberties. How then are our art practitioners â€Å"empowered† by the new scheme? Not only is this positioning of the Arts Term Licensing Scheme prevaricating to artists, it also misleads the general public into believing that the new scheme should be embraced unequivocally as it seemingly liberates our artists. As such, it seems that this assertion of â€Å"empowerment† is naught but a surreptitious attempt by the MDA at egregiously eluding all of the said problems underlying self-censorship as the scheme constructs a delusory appearance – resembling that of a â€Å"pseudo-publicâ⠂¬  sphere as postulated by Habermas (1964) – where decisions seem to be â€Å"personally† dictated by artists (i.e. public) and are seemingly â€Å"independent† of MDA’s (i.e. authority’s) intrusiveness. It is thus, disappointing to note that whilst the MDA advocates values of integrity (MDA, 2014b), such has been demonstrated otherwise in this case. More eminently, the scheme’s postulated idea that artists are to face harsh punishments including a $5,000 penalty for â€Å"non-compliance† to MDA’s regulations simply nullifies any notions of â€Å"co-regulatory partnership†, â€Å"empowerment†, whilst invoking an undercurrent of fear that only aggrandizes self-censorship. This, I believe is tantamount to regulative censorship of punitive state sanction taking on the faà §ade of constitutive censorship (Jansen, 1991) where it appears that our artists are merely â€Å"self-regulating†. With the encroachment of hefty penalties associated with â€Å"misclassification†, and MDA’s lack of clarity upon the assessment and appeal processes, what then is of MDA’s assistant chief executive, Mr. Christopher Ng’s claim that authorities would be â€Å"reasonable and fair† (Chee Meng, 2014) in the evaluation such a situation? Consequently, it also seems that this new s cheme has evinced upon an underlying distrusts of art practitioners within our society – as if artists are subversive individuals to be blot away. This, in turn, has perpetuated a fabricated sense of dichotomy of â€Å"artists versus community†, where in truth, our artists and art practitioners are also fellow citizens, parents, â€Å"heart landers†, and are very much part of Singapore and our community at large (Arts Engage, 2014a) . Instead of creating an unnecessary chasm between artists, the general public, and the authorities, as reflected in the present paradigm where the MDA is seen to be the â€Å"mediator† between disgruntled members of the public and a group of seemingly seditious artists that warrants to be â€Å"subdued†, it would be that much more purposeful for the growth of our nation, communities, and our people if we could see ourselves as a collective whole and reconcile our differences through an open, shared discourse, as opposed to mere coercion by proxy. Whilst I understand the imperativeness of MDA’s advisories in aiding audiences to make better informed choices, it is equally important to underscore that such classifications should really be meant as a general â€Å"caution†, and that delving beyond that into micro-managing the entirety of an art work only serves to backfire as not only does it impugn upon artistic integrity and the true spirit of artistic endeav our (Arts Engage, 2014a), it ultimately renders our artistic practices bleak and sterile. Rather than imposing such stringent aseptic rules, we ought to be encouraging a greater degree of sophistication and open-minded appreciation of the arts amongst the public such that it is imbued within our society the capacity to recognize that there is always more than a single â€Å"right† way in which the arts may relate to us (Chee Meng, 2014). If we could devote our efforts into nurturing a greater pool of art critics – be it in terms of adept professionals or greenhorn amateurs – in lieu of â€Å"content assessors†, we would then be able to engage in a much more active and meaningful discourse on the merits of our artistic output which I believe, would assist in establishing that much needed breadth of an open, receptive, and constructive dialogue between our artists and the MDA authorities, consequently forging an improved relationship of trust and respect that would be beneficent to all. Perhaps, a system of regulation that entails an open, consistent, and transparent process, in which discussions may be laid bare for public critique, whose jurisdiction are composed of knowledgeable, publicly-informed, and impartial members principled upon an arms-length approach from any political interests, and whose decision-making processes are periodically subjected to review by an independent body, would better serve to inspire confidence not only from our artists, but within that of my fellow Singaporeans to both the MDA authorities and our local arts industry, as well as across governments (Arts Engage, 2014b). This, I strongly assert is one of the many fundamental steps that we must take together if the MDA genuinely seeks to foster a â€Å"co-regulatory† partnership that â€Å"empowers† our art practitioners and audiences alike. Indeed, the arts should be appreciated in all of its variegated diversity, fluidity, and sublime nuances – that it is an inherent part and parcel of one’s intellectual and emotional growth that cannot be merely subjugated or predetermined by those contending privileged tastes or moral claims. Once again, I sincerely implore the relevant MDA authorities reconsider the proposed amendments of PEMA 2014, and to engage with representative citizen bodies as well as artists in another round of consultations before officially implementing the new scheme. I look forward to hearing from you, Thank you. Yours sincerely, Karen Lim.