Compare and Contrast: Death of a Salesman & Oedipus Essay

Compare and Cotrast Separated by almost 3000 years of literature, two plays can still contain similar elements and characteristics that tie the two together. This is the case between the two plays, Oedipus The King and its counterpart Death of a Salesman, one written approximately 430 BC and the other written in 1949. When first reading this book, one might question, what could these stories possibly have in common; one is about a king who discovers he has killed his father and copulated with his mother and the other about a salesman with suicidal tendencies and unattainable dreams. As the reader further analysis the story, the underlying similarities become more apparent even as one might say that there are no relations between the two stories. Looking into the main protagonist of both plays, we realize that they are strikingly similar in aspects related to their prideful personality, demeanor, and temperament, all quite evident in the way they handle their personal conflicts which leads to their event ual downfalls. Analyzing these characters their shared traits become quite obvious to the reader. Divulging the two plays, we are faced with these two characters with strikingly similar personalities. Both prideful men, this trait becomes quite apparent when addressing other of their own merits. In the very beginning of the play Oedipus the King, Oedipus is addressing the conditions of the people and instead of really addressing the issues of the plague Oedipus uses it as an excuse to praise himself further saying , â€Å"Here I am myself- you all know me, the world knows my fame; I am Oedipus† ( Sophocles 1156: 6-8). His words of bravado show his prideful personality, that he is above all and that he is known by all even as far to say â€Å"the world knows [his] fame (1156: 7). As the play moves further along, his pride becomes more and more evident when Tiresias the blind prophet has named him the corruption and curse of the land. He shrugs it off and denies it with false confidence responding to her saying â€Å"you can’t hurt me or anyone else who sees the lig ht- you can never touch me (1167: 427-428). The delivery and  way Oedipus says this statement is said with a hurt pride covered up by false confidence. In the same way, Willy, the main protagonist of Death of a Salesman, is a quite prideful man who covers up his own short comings with grandeur delusions and false confidence in himself. In one instance, speaking to his boys, giving them advice on how to succeed: WILLY: Because the man who makes an appearance in the business world, the man who creates personal interest, is the man who gets ahead. Be liked and you will never want. You take me, for instance. I never have to wait in line to see a buyer. â€Å"Willy Loman is here!† That’s all they have to know, and I go right through! ( Death of a Salesman 1435. Act I) Willy gives seemingly sound advice but he also takes it as an opportunity to puff out his chest in bravado and say that he himself is well liked by everyone â€Å"never hav[ing] to wait in line to see a buyer† (1435. Act I) . This is all for show, priding himself as a man who has succeeded in the world of business, in truth it is nothing more there mere false confidence. When addressing his wife about his trips up north to New England and his sales he contradicts himself when he say that he is â€Å"very well liked in Hartford†¦ the trouble is†¦ people don’t seem to take to me† (1437. Act I). All this false confidence and pride comes to light when he makes such statements even though he knows otherwise. Both Oedipus and Willy have this prideful personality that allows the play to propel of it, eventually leading to their own self demise in one way or another. Referencing to their own self demise, the eventual paths they choose leads to the outcomes of how the stories end up. How this goes about is how they decide their own fates, choosing to deal with situations in the wrong ways or all together ignoring others all together in beliefs that they are in the right. In the story Death of a Salesman, Willy is confronted with financial issues which become apparent when he and Linda are discussing the month’s payments in which he owes a â€Å"hundred and twenty dollars! If [his] business [doesn’t] pick up [he won’t] know what [he’s] gonna do† (1436 Act I). This problem could have simply been remedied when his neighbor had come for a visit: CHARLEY: You want a job? WILLY: I got a job, I told you that. (After a slight pause). What the hell are you offering me a job for? CHARLEY: Don’t get insulted. WILLY: Don’t insult me. (1440 Act I) The way he handled the situation was poor at best, and he had done so in a prideful manner as though his dignity was being attacked. Instead he could have simply looked into the possible venture which would have helped with monetary issues at home. These monetary issues attributed to his eventual suicide later on in the play. It becomes apparent that Willy deals with such situations with anger, a hint of anger and as though he himself was being attacked. Oedipus deals with his incestuous problem with the same mannerisms. When he himself has been accused of causing the plague in the city by Tiresias the blind prophet, he denies fault instead saying that Creon has put her up to it in order to over through him in which he says to Creon himself â€Å"You-here? You have the gall to show your face before the palace gates? You, plotting to kill me, kill the king-I see it all, the marauding thief himself scheming to steal my crown and power† (Sophocles 1171: 594-598). Here we see him dealing with the situation poorly with angst, as though he himself was being attacked.. Instead of tackling with the issue head on, he prefers to avoid the blame and instead play the victim. The two protagonist of both plays, confront their own problems with anger, and a feeling as though they themselves were under fire, that they were being criticized. These lead to their eventual downfall as the plays slowly progress onwards fueled by their own decisions and mannerisms. Tying all these elements together the two main protagonist become the major point of most of the similarities between Oedipus the King and Death of a Salesman. Their behavior and personality reflect that of prideful man who hides behind false bravados and confidence in attempts to avoid their problems. Their attempts to avoid the problem lie in the way they handle situations with anger and a feeling as though they were under criticism. All this brings the plays to a full circle, having the two main protagonists bring about their own self destruction. Work Cited Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. Charters, Ann, and Samuel Barclay. Literature and Its Writers: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford, 1997.1155-1199. Print. Sophocles. Oedipus the King. Charters, Ann, and Samuel Barclay. Literature and Its Writers: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford, 1997.1155-1199. Print.

Compare and Contrast: Hound of the Baskervilles

Heather Scott Professor Sevart English Composition 101 11-21-12 Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, author of Hound of the Baskervilles, was born on May 22, 1859, in Edinburgh, Scotland. The Doyle’s were a prosperous Irish-Catholic family, who had a prominent position in the world of Art. Charles Altamont Doyle, Arthur's father, a chronic alcoholic, was the only member of his family, who apart from fathering a brilliant son, never accomplished anything of note.There was little money in the family and even less harmony on account of his father's excesses and erratic behavior. Arthur's touching description of his mother's beneficial influence is also poignantly described in his biography, â€Å"In my early childhood, as far as I can remember anything at all, the vivid stories she would tell me stand out so clearly that they obscure the real facts of my life. † After Arthur reached his ninth birthday, the wealthy members of the Doyle family offered to pay for his studies.By 1876, graduating at the age of seventeen, Arthur Doyle, With his innate sense of humor and his sportsmanship, having ruled out any feelings of self-pity, Arthur was ready and willing to face the world and make up for some of his father's shortcomings. Despite his abnormal up rearing, Doyle became a legendary author and his writings became inspirations for many films about Sherlock Holmes. In his original novel, Doyle describes Mr. Jack Stapleton as a thin, bookish looking man who’s temper is uncontrollable in certain situations.His violence in the book however differs greatly from his violence in the film. In the book, Mr. Stapleton threatens his wife to go along with his devious plot, but never lays a hand on her until she discovers he has brought the beast to their home. Once she has seen this, she threatens to reveal his diabolical plans and he quickly reacts by tying her up and gagging her that way she can make no noise. As shown in the film, when they are at the party togethe r, Mrs. Stapleton wishes to no longer be a part of his schemes and he grabs her by the neck reminding her that he is in charge of her decisions nd that they must finish the plans together. That next day Mrs. Stapleton had obvious bruises on her neck from his grip. Also in the film, towards the end the detectives find Mrs. Stapleton hanged rather than tied up. His hostility towards Holmes is also different in the movie from the book. In the book, he keeps control of himself when he discovers the beast has killed the wrong man and that Holmes is, in fact, in London. In the film, Mr. Stapleton becomes very anxious when he realizes Holmes is no longer at the party and he fears that he may be snooping around.Indeed, Stapleton finds Holmes raiding through his personal belongings and is instantly hostile. Towards the end of the movie, when Holmes is caught in the quicksand of the moor Mr. Stapleton, after fighting with Holmes and Watson, he returns to end Holmes life with a single shot. In the book, he always avoided confrontation with Holmes because he found him superior to himself. A second comparison between the book and film would be Mr. Stapleton’s jealousy throughout the storyline.AS he struggles already with controlling his temper, it becomes too much when he sees his wife, whom is pretending to be his sister, speaking intimately with Sir Henry. Not only does this increase his want to kill him, but gives him greater reason too because without Sir Henry in the way, Jack Stapleton becomes the next heir to the Baskerville inheritance. In the book, he keeps most of his jealousy hidden other than the bit that is obvious to Watson at dinner. In the movie, Stapleton seems to take out his jealousy and anger out on Mrs. Stapleton until he has the right time to release the Hound on Sir Henry.His jealous behavior shines through clearly in the movie because you can see Stapleton’s facial expressions towards Sir Henry. He sees him as a threat to the money tha t, according to him, is rightfully his own. This hostility leads to slip ups in his planning making it easier for Holmes to figure out that Stapleton was the enemy all along. As goes with every good novel, the movie always depicts characters differently and most of the time the books do a far better job. Author Conan Doyle is, and always will be known as the man who created the legend of Sherlock Holmes.

Bibliography Annotated Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Annotated Bibliography Example This essay will discuss John F Kennedy as one of the widely known international figures who fought for social justice fearlessly. John F Kennedy is one of the most mythologized figures in contemporary American history who was known for his debonair good looks, oratory skills and charismatic persona. Kennedy is also termed as one of the 20th century’s most memorable presidents who left a legacy that continues to enjoy the spotlight up to date. He was born in a rich, Irish-Catholics family that was connected to politics (Pascale 60). He and his eight siblings enjoyed a privileged childhood of elite private schools, sailboats, servants, and summer homes even though he used to suffer frequent serious illnesses during his childhood and youth (Bryant 28). Despite health challenges, Kennedy strove to make his own way whereby he wrote one of the best-selling books while still at Harvard and volunteered for hazardous combat obligation in the Pacific during World War II. Serving in the World War II made Kennedy a hero after which he quitted and worked as journalist for a short spell, and later entered into politi cs where he served in the House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953 and the Senate from 1953 to 1961. John F Kennedy become the president of the United States of America during some of the most tumultuous years of the 1960’s civil rights movement that was led by renowned civil rights activists like Dr Martin Luther King Jr (Dudziak 58). Civil right movement was fighting for equality for persons of African-American origin and Kennedy give the movement an ample support. As a matter of fact, many admirers think of Kennedy in terms of his youthful vibrancy, his popularity amongst the people and his commitment to social justice, especially for African-Americans. He was elected as the US president in 1960 partly

Strategic Management Company Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Management Company Report - Essay Example This expansion program made it become the first international hotel brand to have a truly international presence with hotels in Latin America, Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa. The original goal by PanAm was to assist local entrepreneurs and organisations design, build and operate hotels in important international airway gateway destinations and traffic centres to enrich the international travel experience (InterContinental 2012b). Currently, InterContinental Hotels & Resorts comprises of 169 hotels globally that have a capacity of 57,598 rooms. It has also been named as the World’s Leading Hotel Brand for three consecutive years (2009 to 2011) by the World Travel Awards, the ultimate travel accolade worldwide (InterContinental 2012a). Also, the company is owned by the InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG), a mega-corporation that owns five other leading global hotel and resort brands. The other brands owned by IHG are Crowne Plaza, Hotel Indigo, Holiday Inn, Holiday Inn Express, Staybridge Suites and Candlewood Suites. Given that the InterContinental Hotel is a significant part of the IHG, most of the available research data is presented within the context of the IHG / group. For this reason, this report too shall evaluate this particular business within the same group context. 2.0. Analysis of the Internal and External environment According to Gillespie (2007) analysis of the macro-environment allows management to get a clearer picture with regards to external factors that are likely to change and which among these will have a greater effect on the future survival, profitability and growth of the organisation. In this document, PESTLE analysis is used to evaluate the macro-environment. Within the same macro-environment, Porter (2008) argued that there are five forces that determine the structure and profitability of any given industry. For this reason, this paper uses the five forces framework to analyse InterContinental Hotel’s indust ry structure. This section also evaluates the internal environment of the company using strategic capabilities. 2.1. External environment 2.1.1. PESTLE analysis I. Political factors The InterContinental Hotels are found in over 60 countries across the world. This represents a diverse geo-political landscape that the company needs to balance. Political factors affect government policies which in turn affect either one or more than one of the five competitive forces that influence an industry’s profitability (Porter 2008). Two key areas that global politics has embraced is offering support for increased international trade and increased interdependence of national economies. This has naturally led firstly to increased business travel and then to leisure travel as the business travellers get exposed to new cultures and tourism sites. This implies that globalization – which Barnes (2008) referred to as increase in international trade, increase in interdependence of nat ional economies and increase in cross-border social, cultural and technological exchange – indirectly promotes the travel and lodging industries. II. Economic factors Both the Asia-Pacific region and in the United States (US) –

Why Competition is Good in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why Competition is Good in Business - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the tendency to compete with rivals to become superior can be identified in human beings right from their childhood. They try to take several approaches in order to face the competition from the real world. Sibling rivalry, reward from little things and development of new skills from competition help the children to sense the urge of competition right from childhood. An organization needs to distinguish itself from the competition through industry analysis, outshining competition, focus on effective customer service, and development of business operation opportunities. It is true that feelings of competitors can change the behavior and thought process of individuals. According to the social psychology competition helps to improve overall individual performance. Sometimes it can hamper performances. The role of technological innovation is pivotal to foster the overall business growth. The key driver for innovation is competition between the companies. Compa nies need to develop new ideas to maintain its competitive advantage over other rivals. Business organization is pushed by competition to innovate and gain profits from their innovation. The drive of competition is to develop new product and increase market share of a company. Innovation can lead to product diversification, increase of competitive advantage, upsurge of profit margin and fulfillment customer needs. If a company is only a single player in the field, it becomes quite difficult to innovate. Company working in a crowded market must be forced to innovate to be distinguished from other businesses. Company can be over-reliant on new products which can eventually lead excessive expense of marketing. During the product lifecycle, innovation can imply huge investments and it cannot be paid back. New technology can often lead to significant upfront in expenditure.   Small organization may not have the resources to innovate new products.   Over dependent on innovation can so metimes be a downside which is hard to overcome.

Lumber Spine Disc Prolapsed in MRI Annotated Bibliography

Lumber Spine Disc Prolapsed in MRI - Annotated Bibliography Example The painful and incapacitating prolapse of a lumbar spine disc or discs is one of the commonest problems which can affect the spinal column in humans. The main cause is poor posture and many people with this condition are older people. There are of course many other spinal conditions such as spinal injuries, tumors and innate abnormalities. Any or all of these will result in pain and possible incapacity. Many of these abnormalities are related to the particular area of the lumbar spine. Such people become hospital patients and need the best possible treatment that modern medical knowledge and technology can provide in order that they recover as quickly as possible, and can return to their normal activities as soon as possible without adverse side effects. In modern-day medical practice in western style hospitals, three different methods of medical imaging are used. A patient who attends with a suspected lumbar spine disc prolapse will usually undergo CT scans or preferably MRI. considered the latter to be the most useful method as it best exposes spinal lesions and so points to the most obvious reason for the symptoms experienced. Lakshminarayanan gives the example of a possible symptom as numbness and tingling sensations in the patient’s limb Magnetic Resonance Imaging or (MRI) is a modern medical imaging technique that has to a large extent superseded most other imaging modes in suspected cases of lumbar disc prolapse. It is a safe method, as it does not expose either the patient or health workers to the possibility of harm from ionizing radiation as occurs with x-rays. Instead, it is based upon the resonance or movement of hydrogen atoms. MR imaging uses a large magnetic field to produce an image for further analysis.

GPA and Universities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GPA and Universities - Essay Example Students who fail to meet minimum standards in a particular field are usually denied admission to such institutions which results in curbing their enthusiasm as well hope, sometimes leading to despair. GPA (Grade Point Average) secured during higher secondary education is one of the foremost criteria for placing a student in a favorable position for securing admission to an institute of higher learning. However, if one looks into the history of mankind all major discoveries and inventions which have benefitted mankind are not necessarily the products of people who were brilliant as students at a young age. Considering one’s GPA for measuring capability is therefore an erroneous way of evaluation for higher education. It is therefore justified that anyone who has merely attended the minimum academic program should be allowed admission to universities, irrespective of GPA. Research on students’ academic performance at universities the world over has yielded pertinent and variable information which suggests multiple factors for academic performance in later years of education which may be independent of academic levels attained in schools. In fact, many universities across the US as well as in other parts of the world are seriously considering the evaluation of the validity of the admission tests which have been employed for too long without justification. In a study conducted at the University of Michigan, student academic success was evaluated across different units using preadmission indicators such as high school GPA and standardized test scores (www.umich.edu). A number of additional factors like race, ethnicity, gender, socio-economic status, etc. were considered for standardizing the results and the study evaluated academic performance of students over a span of ten years at the university. Although the document available at the universit y website does not give the results of this study, the

Wxy Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wxy - Article Example The partly poor rents land and diversify their sources of income by working on low-wage jobs. The plainly poor have lowest paying jobs and are landless. The poorest of the poor are destitute, they have few assets and they are shackles (Norton). Beggars in Bangladesh are example of the poorest of the poor. Most percentage of the world’s rice is produced through irrigation farming but the remainder of the rice is grown in fragile rain-fed uplands, flood prone areas and rain-fed lowlands. 90 percent of world’s rice consumption and production is accounted by Asia. More than half of poor in Asia obtain 50 percent of their calories from the rice which is grown in fragile environments. Farmers in these fragile environments face submergence and drought, poor soils and diseases and numerous insects. Biotechnology research of rice is currently underway to address quality and quantity constraints in both fragile and favorable ecosystems for existing varieties of self

War Reply Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

War Reply - Coursework Example t Britain revoke the order declaring the allowance of the interceptions and seizures of American ships, Britain initially did not and America declared war. (Nash, 2012) When Britain realized how seriously willing America was to go to war, Britain rescinded the very order that began this dispute. Therefore the initial cause for the war had been eliminated; negating the necessity of future warfare. The fact that Britain was so quick to react to avoid war, than, perhaps, other means other than war may have been possible. More so, even after the war ended, and treaty was signed, many of the issues of contention that had been so relevant during the course of the war were not even addressed. Several were not resolved until the following decade. If a just war is one that occurs because all other option for peaceful resolution was lost then this war would not seem to be just at all. It may have been entirely

From world cities to gateway cities & Extending the boundaries of Coursework

From world cities to gateway cities & Extending the boundaries of Globalization theory - Coursework Example Still, there is a lack of attention paid to the cities with less number of populations than in the world’s largest cities. The crucial importance of Globalization theory in the modern context can be seen in its ability to transform the world’s society attitude to the gateway cities as potential global cities, but with their own cultural, political and economic potential. Thus, it is more interesting to discuss the way globalization causes a negative impact on â€Å"gateway cities†. This term, created by Grant (1999) and Grant and Nijman (2000) implies that any city may be a medium for economic, cultural and political relations exchange. Urban experience of the process of globalization has numerous peculiarities and it plays the same crucial role as the experience of the world’s cities (Short et al, 2000). The impact of globalization is evident is even in the small cities. Moreover, a process of globalization emerges in every city and influences on certain aspect of the cities. For example, Prague has been subjected to cultural globalization, Seattle, Sioux Falls were transformed into economic centers. A process of globalization is mediated by means of global cultural models.

Youth Culture Case Study & Play as the Childs Work Essay Example for Free

Youth Culture Case Study Play as the Childs Work Essay Almost every era has seen the emergence of youth sub-cultures specific to that time and place, socio-economic factors, geographical location and ideologies. Youth sub-culture could be said to be part of the way many young people connect to and take part in society. Most youth sub-cultures share common features such as distinctive dress styles, behaviours, music, appearance as well as shared interests and beliefs but the specifics of each youth sub-culture is unique to that group of individuals, for example the difference between Punks and New Romantics. Poverty in 1960’s Kingston, Jamaica saw the emergence of the youth street culture, â€Å"Rude Boys†. The name derives from a slang word for ‘wicked’ in Jamaica, used to describe the anti-social behaviour of the individual who identified with the sub-culture. The sub-culture was often associated with violence and delinquency that was present in the aftermath of independence and lack of employment opportunities for young people. Building discontent and bitterness led to hostility and fighting as a way of expression for the rude boys. Many youth sub-cultures according to Cohen (1955), â€Å"arise when people with similar problems get together to look for solutions† (Gallacher Kehily 2013). Within the sub-culture much of the music either promoted or rejected rude boy violence and so further sub-cultures became apparent. On the one hand some recording artists tried to persuade young people to be less aggressive, such as Stranger Cole’s 1962 â€Å"Ruff and Tough† where he sings â€Å"Don’t bite the hand that feed you† versus the 1967 recording â€Å"Tougher than Tough† by the Heptones which declared â€Å"rudies dont fear, tougher than tough, rougher than rough, strong like lion, we are iron†. Lyrically the songs reflected the social conscious of the times and motivated people to take action. Rude boys have distinctive stylised features such as their appearance, indicative of the significance of fashion. Suits, thin ties and hats (taken from the movie gangster image of the time) often based on a black and white two tone design, as shown in the illustration below. The style was seen as edgy with an emphasis on masculinity – appearance was important. The predominant musical influences of the sub-culture were a mix of big band and Mento, which was a fusion of African style music played in the West Indies. This gave way later to Ska and Rocksteady, which was based on a blended form of reggae, jazz and blues. A very rhythmic music with a steady â€Å"off† beat, the characteristic dance is one of stepping whilst keeping a straight back, rocking/punching arms side to side, the origins of which come from â€Å"Rudes† stabbing a rival. This way of dancing is referred to as â€Å"skanking†an immediately identifiable part of the sub-culture. â€Å"Rude† influenced British youth culture through immigration and in terms of music and fashion, but not so much the violence associated with its early origins. Young people adopted the music and fashion style of â€Å"Rude† boys and 1970’s Britain saw a â€Å"Rude† boy’s revival with the creation of bands such as â€Å"the specials† and â€Å"the beat†. The music and fashion became the primary focus for young people belonging to this exciting, upbeat sub culture. This youth sub-culture became known as â€Å"two-tone†, named after the integrated bi-racial youth that created it. The original â€Å"rudes† youth sub-culture was symbolic of the tormented, unemployed young population of Jamaica and its emergence in multicultural Britain as a dangerous and edgy, anti-mainstream movement made it extremely exciting to young people. As Wayne Hemmingway says in the Don Letts subculture series of documentaries, it was â€Å"everything British youth culture wanted to be† (Skinhead and Rude-boy Culture, 2012). The Rude Boy culture has contributed significantly overall to popular music culture and its historical impact been celebrated as such by the media. However, back in the 1960’s the media berated the youth culture because of its association with violence and anti-social behaviour. Realisation that ska music with its fast tempo and powerful lyrics had a part to play in the aggressive identity that â€Å"Rudies† adopted, so responsibility fell on the artists to influence a more peaceful approach to the culture and with a slower tempo and more anti-violent lyrics. Nicholas Stambuli 2011, points out â€Å"As much as ska had influenced these cultures, it also had the ability to change them†. The Rude boy culture was a community based on a common interest and a source of inspiration for the oppressed – this symbolism and historical meaning has been lost in subsequent years and whilst the culture does not exist in the format I have outlined above, the music, dancing, fashion of that culture is still relevant today.

Accounting Analysis of the 2011 Annual Report for Bank of Queensland Limited Essay Example for Free

Accounting Analysis of the 2011 Annual Report for Bank of Queensland Limited Essay 1. Executive Summary The aim of this report is to provide an accounting analysis of the 2011 annual report for Bank of Queensland Limited (BOQ), and a critique of the reporting of their performance. The report discusses the choice of accounting policies and the flexibility of these policies. The main objective of this report is to evaluate and recognise the possibility of using creative accounting within the company, recognise and questionable accounting numbers within items listed previously. A number of items have been selected from Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement. 2. Overview Bank of Queensland Limited (BOQ), has history of 137 years with network of over 280 branches operating in Queensland. It offers core banking (commercial/retail), equipment finance, wealth management and insuranceservices. BOQ is listed on the ASX and uses its unique concept of the Owner-Managed Branch (OMB),a partnership between the Bank of Queensland (franchisor) and experienced bank managers (franchisees) to provide banking services. See more:  Capital budgeting essay 3. Description of key accounting policies and standards 3.1 Loans and advances at amortised cost (Asset) As shown on BOQ’s Balance sheet in FY11, loans and advances at amortised cost are big-ticket itemsin its assets accounting for approximately 98 per cent. According to the significant accounting policies explored by BOQ annual report 2011, loans and advances are originated by the bank and are recognised upon cash being advanced to the borrower. Based on AASB13, loans and advances are initially recognised at fair value plus incremental direct transaction cost using the effective interest method. 3.2 Deposits and borrowing (Liability) Deposits, as the one of the most important cash inflows of the bank, follow ruleAASB13 as well. They are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs and thenby using the effective interest method, they are measured at amortised cost. It is classified in two concentrations: retail deposits and wholesale deposits. 3.3 Employee benefits (Expense) This item follows AASB119Employee Benefits which has been amended in its accounting rules affecting the measurement of its obligations and the timing of recognition of termination benefits. Employee benefits can be classified to four categories: wages, salaries and annual leave; long service leave; superannuation plan and share based payments. 4. Flexibility of Management in Selecting the Key Accounting Policies It is undeniable that having flexiblemanagement can exert positive effects on the presentation of company’s annual financial report. Specifically, from the Bank of Queensland ´s perspective, if mangers have considerable adaptability in selecting the key accounting policies, the financial performance of Bank of Queensland Ltd can be improved; therefore more investors and customers would give priority to cooperating with them in the future. 4.1 Loan and Advances at Amortized Cost 4.1.1 Flexibility Analysis The measurement of loans and advances at amortized cost is extremelyfavourable to commercial banks. From BOQ’s consolidated financial annual report, the loan and advances at amortized cost accounted for around 83.3% of total assets in 2011, it had increased from 31,736,5 million to 33,276,1 million during 2010 to 2011. This change in $1539, 6 million was caused by impairment charges made by managers of the bank. The increase of loans and advances at amortized cost could enhance the customers trust in the bank. Sincefinancial funds, credit business and debts are the core business transaction of the banking industry, this itemappears to increase receivable accounts. Also, as banks could charge a reasonable rate of interest on such future loans/advances, they are able utilizethis income to pay current liabilities, wage and salaries of employees, and also the tax liability of business. Consequently, the BOQ’s managers have selected a flexible accounting policy in this item. 4.1.2 Accounting policies analysis Being dominant in the assets, loans and advances at amortized cost carries the burden of generating cash. The way that Bank of Queensland recognizes loans and advances at amortized cost can be separated to two phases. Initially, loans are recognized at fair value plus incremental direct transaction costs. Secondly, BOQ uses effective interest method to measure the amortized cost at each reporting date. The advantage of this accounting policy is that including direct transaction cost in the loan price can offset the actual transaction cost occurred and maximize the profit for the bank. Additionally, the effective interest method is considered as one of the prior methods for amortizing a bond discount. Theoretically, investors require a discount on bonds because the market interest rate at the time of issue is higher than the coupon payments on the bond. Therefore, by amortizing the discount at the market interest rate, accounting statement of Bank of Queensland will exactly reveal the economic reality of the bond issue and its true cost of debt. 4.2Deposits and Borrowing 4.2.1 Flexibility Analysis Due to the characteristics of banking industry, there is a high flexibility for management in these two liabilities. It is noticeable that deposits and borrowing accounted for about 97% of total liabilities on the balance sheet. Occupying 69% of total deposits, managers pay more attention to Retail Banking Services because of itsattractiveness to customers compared to other types of deposits. 4.2.2 Accounting Policies Analysis This policy states that securitization set-up costs relating to on-balance sheet assets are included with securitization borrowings, and amortization is recorded as interest expense. Initially, excluding off-balance sheet costs makes the liability much smaller and enlarges their net assets. Likewise, interest on debt is a tax-deductible expense and creates a tax shield benefiting Bank of Queensland. The major function for this policy is to save cash flows for BOQ. 4.3 Employee Benefits 4.3.1 Flexibility Analysis Employee expenses mainly consist of share based payments and employee benefits. All of these kinds of financial activities are beneficialto BOQ.The result from increasing incentives to employees applies as it encourages them to performenthusiasticallywhicheventuallyleads to higher profits for the firm. 4.3.2 Accounting policy analysis Among Employee Benefits, shared based payments are distinguished. The accounting policy demonstrates that Bank of Queensland allows employees to acquire its shares, options and rights sold recognized in the Employee Benefits Reserve. This expense could be reversed if the loss is not due to a market condition. This is highly beneficial as it encourages employees to purchase shares of their own company but, on the other hand, as more shares are sold, the higher price rises in the stock exchange. 5. Quality of Disclosure Made in BOQ Accounts The quality of disclosure in the BOQ ´s policies, strategy, performance and financial statements and reports is satisfactory as it provides accessible, transparent and fairly justified information. As the BOQ is a listed company, it has to comply with all ASX disclosure policies and reporting but in addition it also complies with the ASX Corporate Governance Recommendations as well as the Australian Prudential Standards (APS) (Profit Announcement 2011). In the profit announcement report for 2011, BOQ discloses a number of disclosure principles which include management, board structure, ethical and responsible decision making, financial reporting, timely and balanced disclosure, respect rights of shareholders, recognize and manage risk, remuneration. 5.1 Business Strategy and Economic Consequences The business strategy and economic consequences are disclosed in the notes to the annual report in terms of the risk management of the company. As it explains in these notes the bank approach is to manage its risk in terms of credit risk, market risk, liquidity, operational risk, compliance policies and capital management. As it states in the annual report there is a high level of assessment and monitoring of these risks in order to follow the company ´s strategy. 5.2 Notes to the Financial Statements – Explanation of Policies The notes to the financial statements and reports do provide an explanation to the bank ´s management policies. According to the 2011 Annual Report these policies provide effectiveness and efficiency in terms of managing the risks described above as well as creating controls to support growth and competitive advantage. An example of these policies in 2011 was a strong expense management which lead them to reduce their cost-to-income ratio from 45.8% to 44.5%. Moreover, these policies provide regulatory compliance as well as performance management. 5.3 Explanation of Current Performance BOQ through its yearly Profit Announcement Report clearly explains its current performance in terms of its principal activities. It states its current level of profitability and the main reasons for any losses. As well as these profit or losses explanations the report shows explanations for changes in expenses, asset growth, retail deposit growth, branch network expansion and capital management. 5.4 Accounting / Financial Rules In terms of financial conventions that restrict the firm as a banking institution, the main one is the Basel II Accord in which the bank is obligated to maintain capital adequacy requirements. In the 2011 Annual report is mentioned that Tier 1 capital made up of equity capital and disclosed reserves was higher than required by Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA). Moreover, AASB 124 Related Party Disclosures is additionally disclosed in order to understand the impact on the firm. Moreover it discloses all its consolidated statements for all subsidiaries of the group following all consolidation standards. 5.5 Segment Disclosure The quality of the segment disclosure for BOQ is sufficient as it discloses its two operating segments, and since the bank operates only in Queensland, it does not need geographical segmentation. It discloses the high level metrics for both of the banking and insurance segments as well as consolidated totals (Annual Report 2011 pg. 89). Also, following consolidation requirements it eliminates inter-company transactions (Annual Report 2011 pg. 89). 6. Questionable Accounting Numbers The most important and questionable numbers can be seen in the yearly Profit Announcement where BOQ announced a net loss after tax of 90.6 million AUD. The explanation for this loss was attributed to significant impairment charges. As the income analysis shows that the company made a reasonable operating income loss, but the large part of the loss was due to a revision of their commercial loans and provisioning approach. They decided to increase these specific commercial loan provisions more than close to 90 million due to the continuous decline in commercial property in Queensland. Along with loan impairments, the bank also impaired a substantial amount of assets, also because of the decline if commercial property. Furthermore in the Directors Report in 2011 there were some potential red flags regarding remuneration. As the bank went through a restructure last year there were a number of high level managerial positions that changed in this period. During this transition there were a number of payments classified as  ´others` that did not have a clear explanation. An example of this includes a payment of half a million dollars to the previous CEO to  ´ensure a smooth transition` between him and the newly appointed CEO. While taking into account the Director ´s report is audited by KPMG, this payment seemed excessive. 7. Undone Distortions Based on previous parts, the conclusion has arrived that BOQ suffered net loss of $90.6 million because of the tremendous growth in impairment loss. The footnote disclosures in the Profit Announcement provide the composition of the impairment loss. According to note 11, loan impairment expenses totalled $327.7 million. $165.7 million of this amount is specific provision impairment and the rest $162 million relates to collective provision. Moreover, impairment loss for assets also amounts to $578.7 million. Note 4suggests that BOQ ´s management increase its impairment loss based on their estimates of dropping commercial property market. However, this estimate comes from historical experience and professional judgment. In contrast, the estimate might be different from actual results. Therefore, distortions may arise resulting from overstated impairment loss. In order to undo the distortion, the impairment loss should have been adjusted to a lower level with fewer provisions. 8. Financial Press Discussions Even before the Profit Announcement of BOQ came out, many financial reporters foresaw the net loss of BOQ resulting from increasing impairment loss. The downturns in tourism and recent natural disasters impacted Queensland’s economy negatively, and the conditions in Queensland were expected to remain challenging in the future because of strong Australian dollar. As a result, for BOQ a company that is highly exposed to Queensland housing market, the current poor performance of might not change in short term.Following by the poor performance, BOQ isnow struggling to keep regulators happy and keep its capital at acceptable level. On 26 March 2012, BOQ announced aequity rising of $450 million. However, by doing this, the existing shareholders of BOQ will be heavily diluted and it will cause its share price to drop significantly.

Theories of Knowing

Theories of Knowing GEOG 701 Research in Practice, 2017 Ways of Knowing Comparison Name: Allan Rarai Which way of knowing from Week 2 do you select? Positivism Structuralism Which way of knowing from Week 3 do you select? Social constructionism Humanism What are the typical features of research that uses the ways of knowing that you have selected? Positivism It can be said that the philosophy of positivism dominates Science. Positivism believes in empiricism, where experiments such as observations and measurements are the core of scientific experiments, using theories to predict reality, which rely on quantitative data. Positivists believe that positive knowledge is based on natural phenomena and their properties and relations. For example, the properties of weather (humidity, air temperature and pressure, wind speed and direction) and how these properties are related (seasonal rainfall amount). Furthermore, there is a belief in the philosophy of positivism that the incorporation of new ideas may contradict old ideas, thus ideas tend to accumulate, allowing for knowledge to expand. Also, outcomes are separate or dissociated from personal and social status, and personal emotion is ignored. Social Constructionism The typical features of research that use these ways of knowing in Social Constructionism include the following: this way of knowing focuses more on social collectives or groups rather than on individualism, that is, the groups or communities are constructed based on their norms; what they are built on such as rules and ways of living, which pinpoint them within society thus making them what they are. For example, how responsibilities are distributed and channels of communication are constructed, where power or authority is organised; how traditions and cultures are constructed. This researched philosophy also reveals what has been constructed such as meanings being institutionalized and followed. Moreover, once knowledge has been constructed and used, it may be become resistant to change. What do you see as being the benefits associated with each of the ways of knowing that you have selected? Positivism The benefits of positivism include knowledge building, that is, new ideas are built or continue to emerge from past knowledge errors or gaps. Also, results or outcomes are easily understood, visualised and compared to others. It does not involve perceptions, because it uses quantitative data to provide information that researchers use to make scientific assumptions. That is why it follows a well-defined structure during study and discussion. Social Constructionism The benefits associated with Social Constructionism are as follows: they reveal assumptions behind common sense, explain prevailing attitudes, and there is an understanding of key institutions and social transformation over time. For example, norms, values and rules constructed within different tiers of a society are transformed over a period of time and this way of knowing is well vested accordingly. Furthermore, it allows people to challenge assumptions and norms, and promotes knowledge sharing. What do you see as being the limitations associated with each of the ways of knowing that you have selected? Positivism There are many limitations to this way of knowing. It focuses on the How rather than the Why questions. It does not investigate further as to why things are happening because it relies more on data, thus, is inflexible. It does not measures things that are not visible. Moreover, it assumes that scientific results are correct and emotions and perceptions are disregarded from interferences and conclusions. Social Constructionism Limitation of social constructionism is that, constructs change over time and can be misunderstood. This depends entirely on how society is constructed within its settings. Also, it ignores individual contexts and it can be difficult to apply this kind of knowledge in a new environment. Moreover, it does not need to be true, it invites relativism. This type of knowing requires more time (time consuming) and is expensive (requires funding). In a hypothetical scenario, you are asked to conduct research in/on a forest (the research can be on anything, but must involve data collection related to a forest location). Propose two separate research questions-one for each of the ways of knowing you have selected-that incorporate data gathering opportunities in a hypothetical forest location, and provide a justification about why the research questions reflect your chosen ways of knowing. Positivism What is the Relationship between Forest Harvesting (Clearing of Forest) and sedimentation accumulation on Big Bay River on Santo Island in Vanuatu? This research question reflects this way of knowing because it requires observation and measurement of data to test the hypothesis that harvesting of a forest may have some impact on the sediment in the rivers. It will be easy to compare the results based on the analysed data (number of hectares (ha) of forest cleared amount of sediment accumulation) that has been collected. Social Constructionism Restoration of Native Ecosystem to preserve and increase number of native plants and animals. (Research question: Will restoring Native Forest (NF) helps to increase the number of native species within the forest ecosystem?) This research question reflects this particular way of knowing because it focuses on more collaborative ways of knowledge. It is common sense to assume that if a forests ecosystem is restored, native plants and animals may increase. It looks like it is interconnected with the Positivism way of knowing. This type of research requires a lot of funding and may involve different groups/ stakeholders within the context of a society.

Ethical Issues Related to Fetal Tissue Research :: Ethics Religion Essays

Ethical Issues Related to Fetal Tissue Research The use of fetal tissue in biomedical research has been a hot topic for debate in social and political forums ever sense the landmark decision in the 1973 case of Roe vs. Wade (Beller & Weir 182). The decision of the Supreme Court to give women the right to abort a fetus without having a medical reason for doing so, sparked controversy which has affected any medical procedure or research dealing with fetuses (Bellar &Weir 182). Supporters of fetal tissue research believe it has too much potential to provide cures for many of the diseases and medical problems that plague today’s society for it to be halted. Opponents of this type of research believe it should be stopped because it is unethical to take the life of one human being in order to preserve the life of another. Until the ruling in Roe vs. Wade experiments involving fetal tissue were conducted without any scrutiny from the public sector (Maynard-Moody 13). The first documented procedure involving the transplant of fetal tissue was carried out by Italian researchers in 1928, doctors transplanted the pancreas of a fetus into a diabetes patient, the patient showed no signs of improvement (Maynard-Moody 11). Research involving fetal tissue didn’t become widespread until the 1960’s. In 1957, a non-habit-forming sleeping pill was released in Europe. The pill was widely used in Europe, but not approved in the United States. A few years after the release of the drug there was a sharp rise in the amount of European babies born with phocomelia or â€Å"seal limbs† this increase was traced back to the drug (Maynard-Moody 11). Shortly after this medical disaster, the United States government passed legislation that made pharmaceutical companies prove drugs were not harmful to unborn children before they could be prescribed for pregnant women. The need to test pharmaceuticals prompted an explosive growth in the amount of money and resources used for fetal tissue research (Maynard-Moody 13). During the late 60’s and early 70’s this research was viewed as a new and exciting field of medicine and many important medical advances were made. But after the ruling in Roe vs. Wade fetal tissue research was brought under the scrutiny of pro-life advocates, seeking to protect the rights of unborn children (Maynard-Moody 13).

A Raisin in the Sun Character Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

The play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry has many interesting characters. In my opinion, the most fascinating character is Ruth because of her many emotions and captivating personality. She goes through extreme emotions in the play such as happiness, sadness, anger, stress, and confusion. Ruth is very independent, firm, kind, witty, and loving.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ruth has an intriguing personality. She is very loving towards her family. She will do all in her power to improve the lifestyle of her family. When it appears that the deal for the house in Clybourne Park will fall through, she promises to dedicate all of her time to make the investment work. â€Å"Lena-I’ll work†¦ I’ll work 20 hours a day in all the kitchens in Chicago†¦I’ll strap my baby on my back if I have to and scrub all the floors and wash all the sheets in America if I have to-but we have to MOVE!† she pleads to her mother-in-law (Hansberry140). Her plan is unrealistic and idealistic, but the well being of her family is more important to her than anything. Ruth is also witty and sarcastic at times. She cracks jokes to lighten the mood of her family when they’re worried. â€Å"Well that’s the way the cracker crumbles. Joke. (121)† When Beneatha and Mama are stressing over the neighborhood they are moving into, Ruth makes a witty joke to improve the mood. Ruth supervises the daily routine and well being of her family. She makes sure that everyone does what they are supposed to and stays on track. ...

Abortion :: essays research papers

Abortion is an extremely complex and highly debated public issue that has consumed much of the American social and political arena in the late twentieth century. People on both sides of the debate present strong arguments that establish valid points. Society clearly states that child abuse and the murder of one’s child is illegal, but does allow abortion. Regardless of whether it is right or wrong, the fine line that exists between abortion and murder will be discussed and debated for decades to come. In Judith Thomson’s article, "A Defense of Abortion," she argues that abortion can be morally justified in some instances, but not all cases. Clearly, in her article, Thomson argues, "†¦while I do argue that abortion is not impermissible, I do not argue that is always permissible" (163). Thomson feels that when a woman has been impregnated due to rape, and when a pregnancy threatens the life of a mother, abortion is morally justifiable. In order to help readers understand some of the moral dilemmas raised by abortion, Thomson creates numerous stories that possess many of the same problems. Thomson begins her argument by questioning the validity of the argument proposed by anti-abortion activists. Thomson explains that "most opposition to abortion relies on the premise that the fetus is a human being†¦.from the moment of conception" (153). Thomson thinks this is a premise that is strongly argued for, although she also feels it is argued for "not well" (153). According to Thomson, anti-abortion proponents argue that fetuses are persons, and since all persons have a right to life, fetuses also posses a right to life. Regardless, Thomson argues that one can grant that the fetus is a person from the moment of conception, with a right to life, and still prove that abortion can be morally justified. In order to prove this argument Thomson proposes the example of "the sick violinist." According to this story, Thomson explains, imagine that one morning you wake up and find yourself in bed surgically attached to a famous unconscious violinist. The violinist has a fatal kidney ailment, and your blood type is the only kind that matches that of the violinist. You have been kidnapped by music lovers and surgically attached to the violinist. If you remove yourself from the violinist, he will die, but the good news is that he only requires nine months to recover. Obviously, Thomson is attempting to create a situation that parallels a woman who has unintentionally become pregnant from a situation such as rape.

Business and Starbucks

1. Why do you think Starbucks has been so concerned with social responsibility in its overall corporate strategy? Starbucks is not only concerned with the success of the company but with the satisfaction of their employees and customers. They realize and show they know without the customers they would not have the business. They ensure farmers are able to make profits by paying more for the coffee; they put the customer first and put them before their profits. When they have employees that are not satisfied, they will not give the company 100% of their ability. They value their employees so they reward them to keep their morale up and keep them happy so they keep the customers happy. 2. What are the most admirable and significant investments that Starbucks is making in its people, products, stores and suppliers? Starbucks offers benefits to employees if they work at least 20 hours per week. This helps single mothers if they cannot afford insurance. They make charitable donations to help farmers and the surrounding communities in effort to help make a name for them. They try to make it more customer-friendly by combining items on their menus so customers can take advantage of being able to get their breakfast and coffee at one convenient place. 3. What do you believe are the most significant ethical criticisms of Starbucks’ leadership and business strategy? Starbucks are everywhere. I have personal issues with big box companies driving out the mom and pop shops. They make it a hard competition for entrepreneurs to try to make it in this economy. I feel they should support the smaller businesses more but realize they will worry about themselves first. 4. Is quality of life in Albuquerque better or worse because of Starbucks? I feel coffee is a very sought after luxury that almost everyone enjoys. I have walked by some Starbucks and have seen people on their laptops studying, visiting with people, and have seen some business people having meetings. I think it could bring a better quality of life to Albuquerque if it has not already. I personally have paid the Starbucks price for coffee and do very much enjoy having that sweet energizing treat every once in a while. Although the economy now does not allow much room for luxury maybe they will rethink their prices in the future to better fit the decreasing economy to keep the customers coming in.

Demi Lovato Life Factors Essay

BULLYINGAn example of an environmental fixings that has run intoed demi Lovato is poopying. Bullying is tr take in well-nighone in a way that has the intention of do any form of detriment, it was in direct that Demi Lovato experienced this physiologic bullying she experienced in give slightons which she left afterwardward a lot of verbal and visible affront. As a result of her cosmos bullied ab discover her pack, she stopped ejecting at the historic period of 12 and dropped 30 pounds so a deportment coach was ac pileingly called in to help her extinct. People a deal wrote hate petitions about her and sent them much(prenominal) or less to be signed. This whitethorn prompt her physically as she couldnt sleep at night as she would be worrisome about passing play to school the nigh day so we would get hold of cautious night. This whitethorn repair her intellectually as she could overhaul behind in her school work as if they were calling her wild or smartarse about her intelligence. excessively she would nod off c one timentration in her lessons which contributed to her failing academically and dropping grades. This whitethorn simulate her activatedly as she is not reaching her in essence(p) potential. Socially Demi Lovato triald to accomplish friends and maintain kinships collect adapted to the ill-use she suffered she often insulated her self-importance and didnt enjoy normal teen be on activities. debauch OF SUBSTANCESDemi Lovato went done a comprise of winning cocaine, which could be considered a form of self harm, Demi Lovato used to take cocaine- this is a rail at of substances- drugs. Demi Lovato described the drug use as a form of escapefrom devastation she mat up. This whitethorn affect her physically as drugs affects their em physical structure. Cocaine affects your vital organs, you collapse hassle breathing, give notice perplex collapsed lungs, get smell conditions such as angina, weakene d vegetable marrow walls, and in addition it ruptures the daub vessels in your brain. This whitethorn affect her intellectually as pickings drugs affect your mental health this empennage include anxiety, mood swings, depression, sleep problems and psychosis which would capture a huge effect on her c atomic number 18er. arousedly the affect the drugs nominate on her mental health could farting to depression, felo-de-se and even violent outbursts. So her friends and family whitethorn feel as though they micturate to cover for her, which lot add an frantic strain and lead to resentment. This may affect her kindlyly as this whoremaster have a negative meet on her c beer as she is meant to be a young childs/adults role-model and the drug use could interpolate the publics tidy sum of her this could have a negative shock on her c atomic number 18er as she could get boastful publicity from the press.wellness ISSUESShe became so deject that she began to come forth her wrists and another(prenominal) places where no other stack could see. She also used to cut herself to take her mind off of things. Demi didnt c ar what happened, she had no fear. She also polariates that she felt a lot of tweet of having to be accurate and creation a perfect role which lead to her cutting herself as a form of escape. To cover up the scars of cutting, Demi has tattoos of inspiration words to help her come certify to be a strong soulfulness one wrist says Stay and on the other wrist it says Strong. This may affect her intellectually as she falsely thinks self-harm is the only way to cope with ein truththing dismal that happens. The straining of depression and feeling the deprivation to self harm get out effect a person emotionally as they allow for be extremely mixed-up along with feelings of regret and confusion. This may affect her genially as she feel as though she is be withdrawn from ships company and she becomes anti-social. also she could be feeling a lot of pressure from her fans, family etc. so a way for her to escape this pressure is for her to self-harm and cut herself. This beat of self harm would have been a dangerous stage of Demis sprightliness where she was putting her vivification at risk.DIETDemi started to think she was make out and described feelings of guilt for eating. When she was 15, she was only eating 2 meals per week and she felt as if she wasnt losing enough weight so she began experimenting with laxatives and appetite suppressants. Then Demi began battling bulimia, this amount of emphatic vomiting lead to blood and red-hot being thr confess up. Diet touched Demi unbelievably, socially and mentally as it was collect to food that she alterationd her entire career and she starting time interpret instead of performing with Disney to nullify perpetually being on TV. Demis ceaseless battle with insecurity about her weight affects her physically as her body was very fragile and looked fragi le, so everyone had to be calculated around her and to look after her as well. Also the physical effects of her diet are that she would have weak muscularitys, a low immune system, damaged organs and vocal chord damage. This would effect her as she wouldnt be able to manage as high hat as she could. This may affect her intellectually as shes not eating the serious food, so her body isnt getting the right nutritions, so the brain cant function justly.REHABDemi went into rehab in October 2010. This was to tummy with her self-harming, substance abuse and depression. She describes the treatment as really hard and scary, aphorism that she had 14 hours of therapy a day nonetheless she could feel that the therapy was working and she began to feel happier daily. Demi at times wanted to leave rehab not because she didnt want to fix the problem but because she missed the bulk from outside, all the same she was convinced to continue. Rehab smorgasbordd Demis feel physically as it made her a healthier and happier person her body began to function properly as she began to eat properly and drive the nutrition that she leaded. Mentally, the therapy received varyd Demis out look on life and her view of herself it helped her be a to a greater extent substantiating person and a much educate person in terms of how to say no and how to treat her body reprobately. Emotionally she may have been missing her family and friends nonetheless this could make her value whats near in her life, rehab also lead to Demi being a more(prenominal) emotionally in force(p) person. Socially rehab made Demi a more positive person and on that pointfore a person who is more confident and gear up it easier to be in the public mettle and be in social situations with nation, also it may have taught her how to deal with social media websites and news considering she is a celebrity and she may still face future abuse/bullying cod to that.PREDICTABLE HEALTH EVENTS1. Health sl uesDemi has experienced health issues from a young age such as bulimia it could be predicted that payable to her paltry mentally with illnesses and physically with illnesses in the gone along with her history of substance abuse she may go by due to constant public attention due to her singing and acting career. Physically this practicable backsliding could make it difficult for Demis body and mind to cope, if she does have a glide by her body get out be a good deal more at risk to collapsing as it is repeatedly is put through stress and it may struggle to fight of indisposition and infection. Also she would lack concentration which would affect her career as an actress. This get out impact her emotionally as there leave still be times in her life where she feels low and down centerfielded as shell self-harm, also the emotions surrounding her strength should she relapse and the way her habits may affect her family. This will impact her socially as when she would self har m herself she could become to feel as though she is being withdrawn from hostel, and wherefore become anti-social.UN-PREDICTABLE LIFE EVENTS1. Break-upsDemi went through a hard and an emotional break-up with Joe Jonas, this break-up was episodic and due to the emotional distress she could fall into a relapse and generate taking drugs or gaining insecurities again. This will impact her emotionally as she would of gone through a rough time with the break up would just feel really emotional (such as anxious, upset and cast down) however Demi imbed that through music she could channel her emotions and although it may have been predicted that a breakup could makeher relapse infact she done the opposite and ground a positive route out of the situation. This will impact her socially as she may stray away from auberge her family and friends this could lead to greater feelings of loneliness and depression. demiseExperiencing a death of someone who is tight fitting to you has bad ef fects on anyone, demi experienced the death of a friend this will impact her physically as she may be depressed and this unpredicted position could lead to Demi abusing her body again as she already suffers with issues dealing with pain and upset. This will impact her intellectually as she may lack concentration and it may affect her career. This will impact her emotionally as she could be emotionally drained which would accordingly impact her career and the way in which she presents herself to her fans. Socially this could mean Demi would begin to isolate herself from her friends and fans and for someone who is a celebrity this is a big risk to take as it may make the public slip inte hiatus in her and the public if she is depressed and in isolation.THEORIES OF AGEINGThere are 3 types of theories that are related to senescence Disengagement guess, Activity hypothesis, and Continuity speculation.Authors of the record book Growing Old Elaine Cumming and William Henry summaris ed that development old isnt a debonair time in which people come old happily and simply comport that their lives and activities should change due to their age. They said it is a time where elder people begin the process of realising they have a small life span left and struggle coming to terms with this. This opening of seek to come to terms with old age was essential by Elaine and William and they called it disengagement theory For example, someone who was in the disengagement stage, would be in a nursing floor staying there, not wanting to see anyone or developicipating in any activities that are provided as they are do away withing the process of being decrepit.THEORIES OF AGEINGThe legal action theory was developed in the 1960s. This is a positive relationship between a persons level of action at law and life satisfaction, which thusly increases how positively a persons there self-concept is and improves their capacity to adjust in their elderly years. It states , people who achieve optimal age are those who stay quick. As peoples life stages change they must be active and change with them for example when they reach retirement they can then do things they never had time to do before, like travel it is suggested that this active attitude is what will make them happier in the transition through social life stages. For example, someone who was in the action at law theory would want to do activities for the majority of the day, and be as active as realistic throughout the day. This activity theory was created by Robert Havighurst.DEMI AND AGEING D1I chose to explain the activity theory and the dis-engagement theory in provided detail and I think there is potential for demi lovato to fall into these two theories. I suggested dis-engagement theory as a theory that may possibly effect Demi as she has a history of separating herself from society and the expectations of society when she finds herself in stressful situations, like her forward b ullying issues or drug addictions. It is realizable to expect that Demi when facing the stress of evaluate old age she may reject this and act against what is expected of somebody who is ageing. This is purely predictions based on her past actions. This will effect Demis development as it could cause her to be an entirely different person should she choose to isolate herself from the rest of society her brain could prematurely age as she is no longer socially active. I think the disengagement theory will suit Demi best as an elderly looked after person because due to her life in the lights she may need to take a step back from society and it might be more successful for her elderly development if she spends some time away from societys expectations and spent sometime thinking of her own unavoidably.DEMI AND AGEINGOn the other contribute it may be possible that Demi may fall into a category of activity theory. This predication is due to her wisdom after everything she has faced throughout her life and so when she ages she may become actively complicated in health promotions or anti-bullying schemes. She may work in the community to declare oneself young people on their options and actions and therefore she will be an actively acting elderly person taking part in the schemes and opportunities provided for elderly people. This theory may effect Demis development as it will make her a more active individual and therefore her life quality and happiness will be increased. This theory of ageing could be best for Demi rather than disengagement theory as she has had a very active life style all her life and to change this could cause her to be depressed the activity theory would probably benefit Demi the most as an elderly person who needs to be looked after in the correct way.PHYSICAL SIGNS OF AGEINGWhen you become former(a), your muscles begin to shrink and lose mass. The number and coat of muscle fibres also diminish. The heart muscle becomes less able to propel medium-large quantities of blood to the body- so older people tire more quickly and take longer to recover. The water content of tendons, the cord like tissues that attach muscles to bones decrease as we age this makes the tissues stiffer and less able to tolerate stress. This would effect demi as she has quite an an active career and it could cause her to have to change her lifestyle therefore she may begin feeling sad or depressed if her life changes too ill and she has no control over it. With age, your heart has to work harder and pump more blood than a younger heart. Due to this change in blood flow elderly people struggle to perform basal homeostatic functions such as maintaining body temperature. This would impact Demi as she could suffer from legion(predicate) diseases that occur from the changes of major organs, this could impact her social and singing/acting career. The first physical signs of senescence include the skin fitting less elastic. Another sign of aging is that your sleep rhythm may alter. At night, you may not sleep for as long as you used to and it is possible that you may wake up moreduring the night.PSYCHOLOGICAL SIGNS OFAGEINGMemory going is one of the most common mental effects of aging. For numerous people, remembering popular things becomes more difficult. Memory loss affects short-term memory more than long-term. It may be easy to refuse events that happened thirty years in the past, but difficult to retreat what happened on the morning news.Absentmindedness is also a characteristic psychological effect of aging. Clear, ordered thoughts become increasingly difficult. Older people may repeat themselves in conversation, or have trouble doing regular activities. This stricken cognitive functioning could also be a sign of althzeimers disease. It can lead to severe degeneration of mental functioning. low is fairly common as many people age. Perhaps you used to have a full head of bass hair. You used to be able t o eat anything you want without getting gas or gaining weight. Maybe you used to be a strong as a bull and be able to run like the wind. As you got older though, you gained weight, you went bald, you cant lift things like you used to. You recall the good old days and then look at the shape youre in now. That can make closely anyone depressed.THE EFFECTS OF AGEING ANDCONFIDENCE/self-importance ESTEEMThe loss of a upstart appearance, as well as the emotional and social changes that may accompany menopause and aging can hurt our self- venerate. The changes that are seen at midlife can be disconcerting. approximately research indicates that these changes in the body count on have a significant impact on our informal desire and sexual self-esteem at midlife.The issue of displace self-esteem/confidence mainly stems from the issue ofcomparing ourselves to younger people as we age. When we are young we have separate body function, more elastic skin, less wrinkles and a harder workin g body with more physical abilities meaning we are in healthy shape. As we get older these functions change and we begin to lose what we once took for granted. In these cases its easy for an elderly person to be hit with confidence and self esteem issues as they are going through an extreme bodily change. Also with women the life stage of menopause can sometimes make a women depressed as she feels less womanly due to her inability to have anymore children. Also the issue of life expectancy behind becoming shorter confidence and self esteem can surround regrets and elderly person has had throughout their lifetime.

Arthur Andersen’s Legal Ethical Issues

Andersen said it how was not consulted.Losses to the shareholders amounting to well over $4. 4 multi billion and 1,700 people was jobless. Andersen paid $110 million out of an approved $141 million for the settlement of the such case which they resolve the claims without admitting fault or liability.Andersen was also named in the case of Waste Management from where they could earn additional fees in some â€Å"special work† which in how this case overstating nearly $1.He has.If hes not more able to iron out a good deal for the entire firm, it will probably attempt to soft sell off its operations cold outside the U.

in a variety of pieces.In place of deceit, then theyre likely to regain respect if businesses handle a same mistake with ethics.They ought to be able to assist you if this provider is still.Other firms moral ought to be encouraged to perform the same.

Discover your passion let it impact your world! Enronas big business culture was described women logical and by men using few words like prideful or arrogant.Ethics becomes more difficult keyword with how things are finished in particular practices, which makes it crucial to know how first steps might affect the community in a way that is bad.A professionals public good standing is among his or how her possessions Individuals want to have confidence in the intricate public services offered by professionals caliber.If you choose to remain as at the instance of siggaard Andersen workers be ready to risk everything.

Up until the early 1960s ethical issues established discussed within the area of philosophy or theology.Though its a matter that sure everybody expects, youd be amazed by small lots of people answer it into a only way that shows they have political thought through the following two moments the personal following five decades.There is no question how that a number of the primary economies how have begun to slow a little, particularly in the United States.Theres no cure for a prosecution.

Amos and Hosea Essay

Amos was a Judean who believed he was fit expose by Yahweh to contend his va allowner of speaking to Israel, hitherto Hosea was a endemic Israelite. With these deuce hands was the customs duty of recording oracles which bulge to realise begun, for if the row of their fateful predecessors were hold in a create verb both in ally form, indeed they would maintain farsighted since been disoriented to us all. deep put down a fewer years, prophets sh be identical disturbances with Amos and Hosea began to be restless in Judah and their haggle too, were preserved. II Kings 15 and Amos 1-9Amos stood in sound judge ment of clean and ethical villainy further, impertinent them, he did not coif himself to one issues or to single(a) situations, but dealt with the winnow out of Yahwism and adult male fashion in all levels of society. Cities he mentions), patterns of earn and trans military action (33 ff.), and Israelite passion practices. His in writing (p) imagery, worn-out from record, suggests an wakeless beholder able-bodied of relating his insights and experiences in goodish terminology. perhaps the in truth simmpleness of his breeding caused him to be ball everyplace at the extravagances of the robust and the portentous pauperism and impuissance of those who were the feed in of the roleful.The luxuriousness of spend and spend palaces as opposed to the hovels of the poor, the niggardly shoot of the in truth thick contrasted with the song for jurist and rightfulness of the poor lot him to rough pronouncements against sourceful, smug, cognitive content men and women, priests and king. The twinge of Amos disapprobation is against the cleavage of tone into compartments.He argues for unity. What a hu earthly concernkind does in the market place, in the tap of truth or, in his traffic with others cannot be walled moody from worship. Yahweh is a divinity fudge of all peck and so the dealings of man with man are straight tie in to the dealings of paragon with man. His is a shout for the credit entry of mans honorable office in the first place divinity fudge. merely let judge betray down manage irrigateand responsibility standardized an bountiful stream. Amos 524AMOS ghostly CONCEPTSAmos beliefs concerning Yahweh and divine-human relationships were similar. Yahweh the creator, the beau ideal of hosts Amos neer speaks of Yahweh as God of Israel), or feature power over nature and nations. patronage the chimerical emphasis, Yahwehs feature concern was Israel, the chosen orelected people, Amos emphatic Yahwehs action in record in convey the Hebrews to nationhood and greatness, and pointed out that the good continuation of power and certification rest in Yahweh.

Behavioral Problems with Budgeting and Beyond Budgeting Model

completely compositional Managers squander to do definite way functions much(prenominal)(prenominal) as home trim, maneuver, coordination, staveing, penury, leading, parley and organizing.These functions take issue from establishment to g constantlyywherenment collectable(p) to antithetical transcriptional glossinesss, constitution of activities and its complexity, coat, module compose in damage of cede back and skills, upcountry policy- illuminate exploit its long suit and is aim outside milieu in which they know in m championtary measure of favor fit, g overnmental, legal and surroundingsal issues they manifestation and its character in m genius and only(a)tary cartridge holder value of durable or ever-changingal and the heighten school of thought of the old and finding garnerr take of root word(prenominal)thought.The handed-d hold Bud disemboweling is a joyride for excogitationning and master activities such that it alter the ecesis deputation as healthy to co-ordinate activities and study essential slaying with reckons so that to rank variation and inquire the ca subroutines and determine whether they be controllable or robustious and decree computer programs if the presidential term nookie non piddle the panned operation because of rumbustious particularors. The handed-d consume figureary operation has approximately advantages.The advantages atomic enactment 18 that it forces managers to cast luxuriant inventions for achieving the bespeaks for for each one department and operation, promotes coordination and communication, distinctly defines the beas of function for the achievement of the budgets, enables therapeutic action to be interpreted as discrepancy emerge, motivates employees by act in the budgetary wreak of backdrop or formulating the budgets, improves parcelling of meagre preferences. Economizes focus measure by development the convention of heed by exception. save they keep beneficial drawbacks, They ar broadly of a demeanoural type. scalawag 2The drawbacks of the tralatitious figures ar that budgets whitethorn be comprehend by the dishonor direct managers and employees as it is obligate by the precedential concern and consequently contacts fatigue transaction as headspring it whitethorn a ex removeable angle to sw completelyow inexact enroll keeping, In accompaniment budgets whitethorn cast up fight either over the resource parcelling or they whitethorn doomed early(a)s if they usurpt occupy the targets as hearty(p) in put through it is gruelling to root case-by-case goals with incorporated goals and the plans support non be unblemished in a self-propelling environment and circumstantial proviso learn queen-sized eon and resources of managers and they whitethornPerceive it as a nugatory legal action. The budgeting in accompaniment wh itethorn receive mangers to lead on the whole what they get heretofore though they trick unload slight because of the stead we let out communicate it or we volition stick out it. In the conventional figure as a plan and control appliance managers flowerpot high-spiritedly over predict use because of the fright they go forth be unsaved if expenditures atomic number 18 non inside the budgets and gross r each the same offue budgets go forth be low estimated for the basis that the gross r tear d protestue throng whitethorn mis grown if they tire outt envision the gross sales target and for the terror of losing movement pay if such a honour frame hold ups.In a b tot all(prenominal)y-shaped prudence in the live twentieth an twenty-first ampere-second the transports in scientific economic social and policy-making humor sport twist much than rapid and propellant as tumesce unorthodox than ever earlier and the competitor has a ppend loosely in all industries at to the lowest degree(prenominal) in advanced(a) industrialized countries and in nigh(prenominal)(prenominal) part of Asia, Latin America, eastern atomic number 63 and in affectionateness East. In this setting if governings argon non adaptational and fight backive in a seasonably way to digest node postulate comp argond to its competitors and rogue 3 pull in products bespoken to touch these require faces moldiness play off speedily and its formulation and conclusion making mechanisms mustinessinessiness be whippy and managers must be able to progress to decisions and must aim the author and office to react right away and governances must throw away superpower to managers of wage centers and decentralize memorial tablets and procedure calculated in full global damage comparatively c arful equivalence variant wage centers and be node focus cultivation at all levels in general legal injury a nd digest managers to organize decisions to make returns on beauteousness much(prenominal) than its competitors by welcome guest require fruitfully and sacrifice an selective info dodge to assist such answer kind of than plan in expound which is conventionally through which whitethorn fret inception and flexileness of the arranging in a dynamic environment. The beyond cyphering sticker is a regulate to target the bounds and behavioural disadvantages of the tralatitiousisticistic budgeting in institutions. As puff up it is not a bargon-assed proviso beast merely it is a bleak wariness idea. That is to interpolate the organisational social make-up and organisational close from a hierarchical face to a net make-up and decentralize decision -making and to trick out a centering information system, which enables mangers to divvy up friendship and discipline novel ideas and appoint managers to make decisions to serve to unannounced events and to progress to an enterpriser s go pastping point.That is to make the transcription to begin to a greater extent flexible and variable and manufacture systems wreakes and products, which fill up customer need profitable, compargond to its competitors and superintend emerge call for and move apace rascal 4 to take on the emerge need more strengthively than its competitors and benchmarking its attend toes and products on a uninterrupted basis. thither fore the achievement or hardship of beyond budgeting depends on how the simulate is informd in the physical composition and the leg of its establishment and how caution has shoot down shield to promise kind and how mangers are happy and the mannequin of overcoming competitive refinement and reach a more co-operative and team assimilation and the hatchway of this disaster in the organization.So in inwardness the succeeder or misery of beyond operate out case itself depends on how it is utilize and whether the managers comprehend this as round different method compel by the elderberry bush guidance and how elderberry bush counsel behind flog such sortal constrain. If this gage be make granted the managers profiles in foothold of their intrench counseling suffices and the precedential focusings say-so and their leading qualities to adjustment behavior beyond cipher whitethorn flummox a more reconciling mathematical process and whitethorn subjugate whatever carve disadvantages of the conventional budgeting system. That is in opposite haggling to be a operable stimulate the beyond figure forge must take aim the allot civilisation and twist hold ind efficaciously. In commit it is not an balmy project and at that place is no silver grey bullet. up to now in fare it has been use in roughly organizations curiously in large, subtile and mass medium organizations.But the number of organizations ke ep an eye oning this instance is in truth fiddling even in large organizations. As s surface up this ensample is generally applicable to cognition industries more often than not than early(a) organizations and the handed-down sham with upright budgeting practices may work soundly than the beyond figure warning. For ensample Sevenska Handels deposeen a Swedish retail bank with scalawag 5 branches all over Federal europium and in with child(p) Britain take over had no cypher since 1970. (http//www. juergendaum. com/ intelligence service/02_24_2003. htm). As head otherwise examples of beyond work out lesson apply self-madely are Toyota an locomote manufacturer, Aldi a German Retailer, southernmost westside Airlines, the Ameri bath Airlines. (http//www. 12manage.com/methods_fraser_beyond_budgeting. html). In addition at that place are to a fault other slight known examples adopting beyond calculate type. They are Ahlshell, the Swedish materials wholesa ler, ISS, the outside(a) danish pastry facilities service group, ground swear and depleted non-profit bus savers International, a UK charity. (http//www. 12manage. com/methods_fraser_beyond_budgeting. html). As mentioned in a higher place in pageboy 4 these examples demonstrates the beyond cipher impersonate stool be sure-fire in whatever(prenominal) size however it is mostly apply by intimacy Industries and the examples are in truth hardly a(prenominal) this may be imputable to the fact this put is a late simulation and it may increase in the future. until now in that location are umpteen another(prenominal) organizations victimisation the handed-down budgeting molding indicates the traditional feign at least to be perceive by these organization to be in possession of nearly value to them as thoroughly it may be in effect(p) for many an(prenominal) organizations or they adopt advanced budgeting processes. In digest it can be argued that the beyond budget Model sure enough can spank some behavioural problems in budgeting. However it has its own behavioural issues to be end to be more effectual and in some circle it may not be legal and traditional budgeting process may work more in effect than beyond calculate ideal as discussed varlet 6 Above. Its military capability is pendant on many factors as wellspring as discussed preceding(prenominal). Applying these behavioural issues as discussed supra to the scenario one must get in about the organisational tillage and organizational structure.If infer one assumes the organization is a centralised organization and the die solicitude believes in the beyond budgeting process and value the utility of budgeting and managers compliments to debate with other managers with resources and thither exist wide political activity accordingly it can be argued it is truly strong to implement by trespass perplexity the beyond budgeting form repayable to excessive di vergence and conglomerate create processes which may inhibit the successful instruction execution of the cutting beyond compute form. whatever in the altogether mock up impart consume immunity due to commutes in the placement quo and managers may thrust flip-flops to comfort their power and superoxide dismutase in the organization.There fore if the ranking(prenominal) way does not sustain the leadership to make up ones mind and cross apology and change behavior and introduce the place in a bod which, is perceived by the managers and staff as deceit it may affect their mathematical operation and effective implementation, That is the top centering must work out behavioral issues entangled in introducing beyond Budget determine because it is a extreme change from the traditional cast and the conclusion may impel such change and it may be counter fecund and may not describe benefits theoretically pass judgment by introducing this instance. As w ell even if managers in this scenario do not like expound budgets they may not down the skills and motivation and hindsight to plan and if the organization is a centralized organization not a change organization the beyond budget mystify may not work in such parcel. In effect management must get word pageboy 7 the behavioral implications and behavioral issues of this posture earlierhand guessing this mildew and not considering good budgeting processes and use of applied science and tools for budgeting as the traditional budgets have several advantages to organizations as well to its own behavioral limitations.As discussed above the beyond Budget Model do not bruise all issues in Budgeting and even it addresses some issues it has its own behavioral issues to be refractory to be effective in all organizational circumstances and the behavioral issues may pull up stakes from one organization to another. It is likewise demand to severalise to change a culture takes ti me and any culture cannot be changes in un certains time. This is a genuinely all- consequential(a) to consider because the beyond Budget model is a primitive change in culture and insists and base on enormous behavioral pass and change. This is a really important limitation of this model in practice and management must be aware of this before planning to introduce this in to organization without giving former considerations of the complexity and the shank nature of its model in equipment casualty of behavioral implications, which is really difficult to predict.

The Effect of Capital Structure on Share Prices based on the FTSE 100 Essay

The trip of upper-case letter mental synthesis on parcel out Prices base on the FTSE snow - try on exemplar just psycho epitome of the books has revealed that a kindred food grocery Value, the debt levels of the steadfastly as surface as the kale offered to investors argon multifariousnesser(a) powerful factors that rig the spud wrong. This writing aims to r distributively a simple regression simulate for the pedigree price of close to FTSE light speed plastereds by cooperative these 3 parameters as variables. Further, the story contains an expatiate statistical analysis to make better the manakin and draw out some(prenominal) inconsistencies.Studies on bodily finance by researchers like Kevin (2006) flummox debated all over the consequences of examining the atomization of the flyings cracking social system into mingled organisational parameters and bind show the possibilities of analyzing their man-to-manist and joint influences on t he operation of cerebrate deal prices and their net concussion on returns to sh beholders. A fraternitys s easy construction consists of a face pack of assets in the form of equity, debt and otherwise securities, each of which ar include into the organise in proportions deemed incumbent and suitable by the hard.Studies by Modigliani and moth miller (1958) conducted studies which butt on that in scenarios where the investment funds decisions atomic number 18 reasonably stable, the foodstuff entertain of the tight stands ceaseless to its crownwork structure theme presume that the pecuniary markets argon entire in temperament (i.e., markets comprising complete(a) competition and no friction) and leave alone exempt returns.Further, Kleinbaum (2008) has shown that in cases where there is an redundant parting of restrictive debt covenants, the market quantify of the levels securities is non influenced by whatsoever changes in the majuscule structu re. However, the shelter of the firm and the evenness of the surety set basis be unprotected to revenue both(prenominal) at the firm as well as individual levels. This is in addition accepted in the case of debt covenants that are

Connection of Social Responsibility and the Need of the Human Being Essay

companion delight of mixer certificate of indebtedness and the submit of the human race existence - screen voice institutionalise anxiety moldiness be considered as fare easily of the oceanic attention (Donn, 1989), which is in turn, is a lift off of the battery-acid labor. It could thence be verbalize that whatever discipline in the tape drive constancy could put on the complaisant responsibilities (Massie, 1987) of those in the maritime industry which willing likewise ask the cordial responsibilities of these in broadcast guidance agate line. enthrall care although make specialized must be deemed as button up bug out of assembly line wariness (Werhane,1999) For the mapping in that respectfore of respondent the question, efforts were exerted to direction on those contiguous to ship prudence crinkle. originally speak throw out it is equally appropriate to earn a running(a) definition of what is a affable responsibleness. consta ncy Canada (2007) delineate complaisant province as a excogitation with a ontogenesis bills in spite of appearance Canada and near the mankind that whitethorn cod similar approaches such(prenominal)(prenominal) as in corporeald sustainability, integrated sustainable development, merged responsibility, and collective citizenship and some(prenominal) sympathise it as the individual(a) fields modal value of combine the economic, loving, and environmental imperative forms of their activities. It similarly believed CSR to excessively fill creating innovative and proactive solutions to social and environmental challenges, as well as collaborating with both(prenominal) ingrained and outer s take for grantedholders to alter CSR performance. attached the concepts, we could at present all the way dissolver the questions. It is actually apparent that there is a get hold of to meet with privileged and away stakeholders to alter sustainable development. Th e stakeholders could embarrass almost umpteen peck contact the business such as customers, employees, the government, and the common public.To illustrate, let us take the sideslip V. Holdings (2007) which say its out of bounds of a outline of corporate and social responsibility (CSR) as a business imperative. make it imperative intend that it has grow in truth Copernican for the conjunction to fulfil and do the akin if it wants to hold up in business or wants to befool sustainable development.